PPG - Bioprodutos e Bioprocessos

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https://hdl.handle.net/11600/61205

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Navegando PPG - Bioprodutos e Bioprocessos por Orientador(es) "Gregoracci, Gustavo Bueno [UNIFESP]"

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    Diversidade microbiana envolvida nos fluxos de gases de efeito estufa em reservatórios urbanos tropicais
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-08-19) Pierangeli, Gabrielle Maria Fonseca [UNIFESP]; Gregoracci, Gustavo Bueno [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
    Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are greenhouse gases (GHG) responsible for global climate changes and can be produced through organic matter decomposition. Several studies show that freshwater reservoirs can emit both CH4 e CO2, being the microbial metabolic activities one of the main responsible for production and consumption of these gases in these environments. Habitat characteristics influence on communities, interactions between microorganisms and, consequently, in the dynamics gas flows. The aim of this study was to analyze the communities of archaea and bacteria in sediments of three tropical urban reservoirs, in Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil, to evaluate the microbial potential to produce and/or consume CH4 and CO2 in these environments. Along the seasons, between March 2018 and January 2019, were sampled the sediment, the bottom water and the gases in air-water interface, in 4 sites in Billings reservoir, 3 sites in Rio Grande and 4 sites in Guarapiranga. The DNA from sediment was extracted, amplified to 16S gene, sequenced and processed with bioinfomatics. The statistical Kruskal-Wallis and Scott- Knott tests were performed to evaluate the influence of several limnological variables from sediment and bottom water on microbiota and CO2 and CH4 flows in water-air interface. The micro-organisms were then correlated with gas flows and limnological variables. The microbiota presented slight tendency to spatial variation, which was not show determined only by limnological variables analyzed. In reservoirs, there are potential to CH4 oxidation coupled to sulfato, nitrate, nitrite or Fe(III) reduction, which can reduce the flow of this gas to atmosphere and toxicity of these compounds. The greater methanogens abundance did not promote the greater CH4 flows, but the fermenter community was determinant for both CH4 and CO2 flows. The microorganisms correlated with the GHG flows also correlated with limnological variables that characterize anthropogenic pollution by domestic sewage discharge, showing that sanitation approaches can help to mitigate gas flows through reservoirs.
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    Identificação molecular de candidatos a biomarcadores/bioindicadores de impactos antrópicos através de micro-organismos aquáticos em região estuarina da Baixada Santista
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-05-10) Garcia, Heitor [UNIFESP]; Gregoracci, Gustavo Bueno [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The estuarine region of Santos and Sao Vicente is amongst the most impacted areas of Brazil. In this context, it is possible to include ahigh number of ships bound to the greatest port in Latin America, an industrial district located in Cubatão near the estuary, and lack of sanitation. Despite its great importance, surface water quality is impacted by inefficient sewage collection and treatment and by industrial effluents released in the river path. To evaluate the antropic impacts we employed a culture independent methodology (shotgun metagenomics) to seek potential biomarker and/or bioindicator microorganisms which could determine environmental contamination of the water column. The methodology employed here optimized the analysed information by using incremented good quality data, which was added to the files and annotated in MG-Rast. We analysed physical-chemical parameters along the relative picoplankton abundances to correlate organisms and environment. Santos presented the smaller species richness and biodiversity, when confronted with Sao Vicente and control site Cananeia, probably due to larger income of chemical contamination, which likely was limiting factor to many micro-organisms. All sampling sites in this work have shown impacts related to sewage release in the marine environment or lack of treatment, including control site of Cananeia, which did not differ significatively from Sao Vicente, near palafitas. The current beach water balneability index seems ineffective, given the presence of many pathogenic microorganisms which impact human health and are not detected by this approach. Co-occurrence correlation networks are compromised for several physical-chemical parameters, and several pathogenic species are present. This problematic may be connected to the presence of metals and organic contaminants, and the proliferation of key microorganisms identified here may be necessary to make bioremediation possible and to lessen environmental impact. Marinomonas sp. MWYL1 and Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus species could be sentinel organisms for HPA contamination and maybe biorremediation. Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus species seem to tolerate elevated NO2levels. Thalassiossira pseudonana maybe an import species to represent environmental water quality. Species from the Pseudomonas genus may be used as biomarkers of nitrogen contamination or bioremediation, being able to transform those compounds. This work makes it possible to observe the relation between microbial species and several physical-chemical parameters and identify targets which could enable healthier and more complete correlation networks, and maybe provide tools for future bioremediation of this environment.
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    Metagenômica da microbiota envolvida na redução de sulfato e produção de metano em reatores termofílicos de duas fases alimentados com vinhaça
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-11-11) Silveira, Jessica Teixeira [UNIFESP]; Gregoracci, Gustavo Bueno [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The present work analysed the specific and functional composition of the microbes involved in vinasse treatment, sulfate removal and methane production, in a thermophilic anaerobic two-phase bioreactor. Biofilm samples were recovered at the end of reactor operation and DNA was extracted with CTAB-chloroform and phenol-chloroform protocols. Sequenced was performed using the shotgun protocol of the Illumina plataform. Data recovery including singlets improved 23,107 hits (7.5%) in R1 and 99,826 hits (6.5%) in R2, with statisticallly significant difference only for the abundance of Thermodesulfovibrio yellowstonii. In R1, a third of the microbiota was composed by T. yellowstonii, which was the main sulfate reducing bacterium (SRB). Still, other SRB were detected in lower abundances. Most SRB use hydrogen, formiate and glucose as substract for sulfate reduction. Ferrodoxins and adenil redutases were detected as sulfate reducing enzymes. Iron reducing species such as Geobacter sulfurreduens and Thermincola potens were also abundant in R1. Fermenting bacteria from Clostridia e Bacilli (Firmicutes) classes were the most abundant in both reactors, and their main fermentation pathway in both reactor was mixed acids fermentation. In R2, butanol biosynthesis and lactate fermentation were also representative pathways. Carbohydrate transformation occurred preferentially through the pentose-phosphate pathway, and through the serine-glyoxate cycle in both reactors. Hydrogenases were the most important funtions connected to respiration in theses reactors as well. Planctomycetaceae family species composed nearly a fifth of R2, suggesting anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Methanogenesis in R2 was performed by Methanobacteriaceae mainly, particularly Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus. The main methanogenic pathway was performed by hydrogenotrophic archaea, likely due to high concentration of CO2, H2 e formiate. Heterodisulfide reductases were related to methanogenesis. Functional results overall corroborated operational data measured in the reactors.
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    Monitoramento da qualidade sanitária das areias de praias urbanas do município de Guarujá-SP
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2024-08-26) Paulo, Mateus Seixas de Melo Frigerio [UNIFESP]; Gregoracci, Gustavo Bueno [UNIFESP]; Mendes, Vinícius Ribau [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5430672600389568; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2981096200649699; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5321565718757356; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Entre 2022 a 2024, por meio de parceria firmada entre poder público, universidade e entidade privada, Guarujá monitorou a qualidade sanitária das areias de suas praias, com o estabelecimento de metodologia de monitoramento para verificar níveis de contaminação por coliformes totais na areia e enterococos na água. Neste cenário, este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever a metodologia de monitoramento da qualidade das areias de praias de Guarujá e expor os resultados obtidos para sete praias monitoradas durante o período de junho de 2022 a junho de 2023, considerando duas regiões: Centro (Astúrias, Pitangueiras, Guaiúba, Tombo) e APA (Iporanga, Taguaíba e São Pedro). Dados pluviométricos e de marés disponíveis foram coletados e analisados para o período delimitado. Foram analisadas 525 amostras de areia e 168 amostras de água. Os resultados das análises de areia e água foram comparados, respectivamente, com os parâmetros da Res. SMAC n.º 468/2010 (imprópria>30.000 UFC/100g) e Res. CONAMA n.º 274/2000 (imprópria>100 UFC/100ml). Foram constatadas diferenças significativas nos níveis de coliformes totais entre as praias e entre as duas regiões monitoradas (Centro e APA). As praias Astúrias e Pitangueiras apresentaram as maiores contagens de coliformes totais, seguidas da praia Guaiúba. Tombo e Iporanga apresentaram o mesmo percentual de amostras impróprias e Taguaíba e São Pedro obtiveram as melhores avaliações. As praias da APA foram melhor avaliadas em relação às praias do Centro. A melhor praia avaliada, São Pedro, apresentou 22 vezes mais chance de apresentar uma amostra própria em relação a Astúrias. Médias superiores de coliformes totais para ambos os grupos foram observadas durante o período que antecede e sucede a temporada de verão (outubro a março), em ambas as regiões. Em geral, 25% das amostras de areia e 37% das amostras de água foram consideradas impróprias, considerando as sete praias avaliadas. Foi constatada uma associação fraca entre areia e água, considerando as sete praias avaliadas, e correlações significativas entre níveis de coliformes totais na areia e médias pluviométricas das 24h e 05 dias anteriores em praias do Centro (Astúrias e Guaiúba). Não foram encontradas correlações entre níveis de maré total máxima e densidade de coliformes totais nas areias.