PPG - Bioprodutos e Bioprocessos
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Navegando PPG - Bioprodutos e Bioprocessos por Orientador(es) "Perobelli, Juliana Elaine [UNIFESP]"
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- ItemSomente MetadadadosCaracterização dos efeitos adversos de agroquímicos isolados ou combinados e estudo do potencial protetivo de suplemento polivitaminico em ratos machos juvenis(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-06-17) Garcia, Mariana Simoes [UNIFESP]; Perobelli, Juliana Elaine [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Agrochemicals are the most widely used synthetic chemicals in the world. They have the function of minimizing pests that interfere with the production of the vast majority of agricultural crops. Since 2009, Brazil is the country that uses the biggest amount agrochemicals in the world. Residues from these products contaminates food, soil and water, leading to environmental exposure for the entire world population. Under real conditions, this exposure occurs to complex mixtures of agrochemicals, which may establish synergistic or additive effects to each other, enhancing or adding the consequent health damage. An important pathway of these chemicals is oxidative damage to cellular components generated by excess of free radicals due to an imbalance between the production of these reactive molecules and the natural antioxidant system. In this way, the consumption of multivitamins supplements can be used as a way to increase the antioxidant defense of the organism, mitigating the adverse effects of these toxic agents. In fact, some studies have been investigated thevinjuries caused by chemical mixtures in experimental models, as well as the protective effect of antioxidant agents, but the vast majority uses adult individuals. In this context, the importance of juvenile / pre-pubertal toxicity studies has been highlighted in the recent literature because it is a period of great sensitivity during postnatal development. Given the scarcity of studies and the relevance of the issue, the present study aims to investigate whether pre-pubertal exposures at low doses of Carbendazim, Acefato and Mancozebe, because they are present in greater quantity in the diet of Brazilians, alone or in a mixture, cause immediate repercussions on the reproductive and endocrine parameters of juvenile male Wistar rats. In addition, it evaluates the potential protective effect of co-administration of multivitamins and minerals supplement. For this purpose, rats were exposed to the agrochemicals alone or in mixture (binary or triple) with or without supplementation, orally by gavage, from the postnatal day 23 to 53, when they were euthanized and evaluated for the histomorphometric parameters of testis and epididymis. Serum levels of steroid hormones were evaluated. In summary, the results indicate likely endocrine disrupting action of agrochemicals. Interestingly, isolated agrochemicals appear to exert more pronounced adverse effects than when administered in mixture. However, the group treated with multivitamin supplement did not present a significant protective effect as a form of protection against toxicological effects.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosInvestigação do potencial protetor da alga gracilaria birdiae sobre ratos machos juvenis expostos a agrotóxicos em mistura(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-05-13) Cavalcante, Deborah Navit De Carvalho [UNIFESP]; Perobelli, Juliana Elaine [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Marine algae have been considered as nutritious food supplements with antioxidant potential. The red algae Gracilaria birdiae is considered one of the most promising of the several species, however, it’s still little studied in experimental models in vivo and focus has been given to the in vitro antioxidant activity of its fraction of sulphated polysaccharides. The use of antioxidant supplements may also be an important mitigating agent for the adverse effects of environmental pollutants on health, since many of them, such as agrochemical residues, cause oxidative damage to cellular components. Under real conditions, exposure does not occur to only one class of agrochemicals, but to complex mixtures of them, often potentializing their effects. In this context, the present study aims to characterize the macronutrients of the whole powder of the G. birdiae seawwed, as well as its carotenoid and flavonoid fractions, and investigate its protective potential in vivo in rats exposed to a mixture with the three agrochemicals found in food in Brazil: carbendazim, acephate and dithiocarbamate. For this, juvenile male rats were used as experimental model, from postnatal day 23 to 53, distributed in 4 groups: CTL (received, daily, only corn oil vehicle and Nuvilab CR1 ration plus water; MIS (received, daily, the mixture of the pesticides diluted in corn oil); GB (received, daily, the vehicle (corn oil), orally, by gavage, and the commercial G. birdiae red seaweed added to the 5% commercial feed Nuvilab CR1) and the GBMIS group (They received daily the mixture of pesticides, diluted in corn oil, orally, by gavage and the red seaweed G. birdiae added to the commercial feed Nuvilab CR1 at 5%). In the present study, powder bromatology G. birdiae showed a centesimal composition consistent with that previously reported in the literature, which includes high concentrations of the micronutrient Iron. On the other hand, the analysis of carotenoids and flavonoids indicated a low amount of these active compounds. In vivo study showed that the mixture of agrochemicals used, as well as the supplementation with G. birdiae, decreased the efficiency of the spermatogenic process in the testis, consequently impacting the epididymal morphology. The presence of oxidative DNA damage and the increase in pro-apoptotic tissue markers indicate the possible mechanism of reproductive and genetic toxicity exerted by both agrochemicals and supplementation with algae commercial powder. Thus, it is necessary to improve control over the processing standards of algae destined for food, which will certainly reflect in greater safety for human consumption, since the supplementation with the integral seaweed powder (only form available in the market ) appears to exert adverse health effects.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Toxicidade hepática e renal exercida por mistura de metais em baixas concentrações: estudo experimental em ratos machos(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2022-11-29) D'Assumpção, Thalita Tofanin Sargiani [UNIFESP]; Perobelli, Juliana Elaine [UNIFESP]; Moreira, Lucas Buruaem [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8251258719894689; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2047233951021632; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1345931213837718; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Embora a mineração seja considerada uma atividade de grande importância para o desenvolvimento de uma sociedade, ela está associada a diversos impactos ambientais quando realizada sem planejamento e sem fiscalização adequada. O Brasil exporta diversos produtos de origem mineral, sendo o minério de ferro um dos mais relevantes. Em 2015, ocorreu o rompimento da barragem de rejeitos de mineração de Fundão, localizada em Mariana, Minas Gerais. Esse acidente acarretou diversos danos socioambientais e contaminação ao longo da bacia do Rio Doce por diversos metais como Cádmio (Cd), Chumbo (Pb), Arsênio (As) e Manganês (Mn). Diversos estudos têm investigado a toxicidade exercida por esses metais isoladamente, tanto em humanos quanto em modelos experimentais. Porém, não há estudos com misturas de metais, como aqueles encontrados na água da bacia do Rio Doce após o referido impacto ambiental. Assim, estudos que visem avaliar a toxicidade dessas misturas complexas, especialmente em concentrações ambientalmente referenciadas, se fazem necessários para melhor entendimento das possíveis interações químicas. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo utilizou uma mistura dos metais encontrados em maior concentração na lama proveniente do acidente, i.e., Mn, As, Pb e Cd, visando elucidar seus efeitos adversos sobre a morfofisiologia hepática e renal de ratos machos adultos após a exposição aguda (exposição única e avaliação após 24h) ou subcrônica (exposição por 30 dias) a concentrações ambientalmente relevantes. Os resultados mostraram que os animais expostos agudamente à mistura de metais não apresentaram comorbidades, porém apresentaram alterações histopatológicas importantes no fígado e rins, bem como uma diminuição nos níveis séricos de Alanina transaminase. Já os animais expostos à mistura de metais durante 30 dias (exposição subcrônica) apresentaram alterações transitórias nos parâmetros gerais de saúde, em especial alterações gastrointestinais. Em relação às análises histopatológicas, houve um aumento na ocorrência de alterações morfológicas tanto no fígado quanto no rim, sem alterações significativas em parâmetros bioquímicos. Assim, conclui-se que a exposição à mistura de metais em baixas concentrações foi capaz de impactar a morfologia hepática e renal de ratos, tanto em regime de exposição aguda quanto subcrônica.