Navegando por Palavras-chave "ANALGÉSICOS, Opióides"

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    Analgesia pós-operatória em pacientes pediátricos: estudo comparativo entre anestésico local, opióides e antiinflamatório não esteróide
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 2002-04-01) Menezes, Miriam Seligman [UNIFESP]; Gozzani, Judymara Lauzi [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); UFSM CET Prof. Manoel Alvarez
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The treatment of postoperative pain in children has been given special attention in the last decades. This study aimed at analyzing postoperative analgesia in children, considering analgesia quality and duration, evaluation methods reliability and the incidence of side effects resulting from different analgesia techniques. METHODS: Participated in this study 100 children, aged 2 to 12 years, allocated in 5 groups of 20 children each, who received, right after anesthesia, the following analgesics: group B, 0.25% bupivacaine with epinephrine (1:400,000) 0.5 to 1 ml.kg-1; group F, 1.5 µg.kg-1 fentanyl; group M, 30 µg.kg-1 morphine; group S, 0.3 µg.kg-1 sufentanil, all by epidural caudal block and group D, who received rectal diclofenac (1 mg.kg-1). Pain was evaluated by two different methods: one, predominantly behavioral and objective and the other subjective and self-evaluated, during the first 4 hours and then up to the 24th hour. Side effects were observed and treated. RESULTS: In the first 4 hours, groups B, F, M and S patients presented similar behavior, with a minimum need for complementary analgesia. In the remaining 20 hours, the longest analgesia duration was seen in group S, which did not differ from groups F and M, but was significantly longer than for groups B and D. Rectal diclofenac has not promoted effective pain relief. There has been a higher incidence of side-effects in group M, which did not differ from group S, but was significantly higher than for groups F, B and D. There has been a positive and significant correlation between both pain scales. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal opioids are safe and effective for postoperative analgesia in children, but when compared to bupivacaine, there have been no significant differences and a higher incidence of side effects. Rectal diclofenac was not effective as a single analgesic as compared to other techniques.
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    Avaliação da S(+) cetamina por via oral associada à morfina no tratamento da dor oncológica
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 2007-02-01) Ishizuka, Pedro [UNIFESP]; Garcia, João Batista Santos [UNIFESP]; Sakata, Rioko Kimiko [UNIFESP]; Issy, Adriana Machado [UNIFESP]; Mülich, Sílvia Letícia [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal do Maranhão; UFMA Instituto Maranhense de Oncologia e do Ambulatório de Dor Serviço de Dor
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Morphine is used frequently to treat oncologic pain. However, tolerance may develop with prolonged use. The association of a NMDA receptor antagonist may reduce or delay the onset of tolerance. S(+) ketamine seems to be more potent and with fewer side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of S(+) ketamine and morphine in the treatment of oncologic pain. METHODS: Thirty patients, randomly divided in two groups, participated in this double-blind study. Patients in G1 received 10 mg of morphine PO every 6 hours and 10 mg of S(+) ketamine PO every 8 hours. Patients in G2 received 10 mg of morphine PO every 6 hours and placebo PO every 8 hours. The dose of morphine was adjusted by 5 mg increments whenever necessary. Pain severity was evaluated through a verbal scale. RESULTS: The percentage of no pain and mild pain was similar in both groups (G1 = 0 and G2 = 0 at M0; G1 = 22.2 and G2 = 53.8 at M1; G1 = 22.2 and G2 = 61.5 at M2; G1 = 44.6 and G2 = 61.5 at M3; and G1 = 44.5 and G2 = 53.8 at M4); Chi-square test. The percentage of moderate relief and complete relief was similar in both groups (G1 = 33.4 and G2 = 53.9 after one week; G1 = 44.4 and G2 = 69.2 after two weeks; G1 = 66.6 and G2 = 69.2 after three weeks; and G1 = 55.6 and G2 = 53.9 after four weeks); Chi-square test. The need to increase the dose of morphine was also similar in both groups (G1 = 2.22 and G2 = 2.15); Mann-Whitney test. CONCLUSIONS: We did not observe an increase on the analgesic effects of morphine with the association of 10 mg of S(+) ketamine PO in the treatment of oncologic pain.
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    Correlação entre concentração liquórica e efeitos colaterais após injeção de morfina por via subaracnóidea em ratos
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 2004-02-01) Silva, Neuzimar De Souza Freire [UNIFESP]; Sakata, Rioko Kimiko [UNIFESP]; Issy, Adriana Machado [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Spinal morphine promotes good pain relief, but is not free from side effects. This study aimed at verifying the correlation between CSF morphine concentration and side effects. METHODS: This study involved 4 groups of 7 rats, which were studied 24 hours after spinal catheter insertion via cisterna magna. Groups G1, G2, G3 and G4 received respectively 0.1; 0.3; 0.5 and 1 µg morphine in 10 µl of 0.9% saline solution. CSF samples were collected and side effects were recorded at M15, M30, M60, M120 and M180 minutes after injection. RESULTS: Side effects observed were: mandible tremors, agitation, pruritus, absence of diuresis, sedation, and respiratory changes. The incidence of side effects was higher during early evaluations and progressively decreased with time. Mean CSF morphine concentrations in G1 varied from 72.84 to 1.13 pg; in G2 from 114.26 to 5.68 pg; in G3 from 151.18 to 13.62 pg and in G4, from 561.37 to 18.61 pg. CONCLUSIONS: There has been no correlation between CSF morphine concentration and side effects.
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    Efeitos observados com diferentes doses de morfina subaracnóidea em ratos
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 2004-02-01) Silva, Neuzimar De Souza Freire [UNIFESP]; Sakata, Rioko Kimiko [UNIFESP]; Issy, Adriana Machado [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Spinal morphine promotes adequate pain relief, but is not free from side effects. This study aimed at investigating the effects of different spinal morphine doses. METHODS: Five groups of seven rats were studied, 24 h after spinal catheter insertion via cisterna magna under anesthesia with muscular ketamine and xylazine. G1 received 10 µl saline solution; groups G2, G3, G4 and G5 received respectively 0.1; 0.3; 0.5 and 1 µg morphine in 10 µl saline solution. Animals were submitted to tail immersion test in hot water at M0 (prior to injection), and M15, M30, M60, M120 and M180 minutes after the injection. RESULTS: Analgesic effects were observed in groups receiving morphine, in different times, as compared to control and to time before morphine injection. In G1 there was paws weakness in 4 animals. Agitation was observed at M15 in G2 and at M15 and M30 in G3. Mandible tremors were observed at moments M5, M15, M30 and M60 in G2; at M5 and M15 in G3, in M5 in G4, and in M5 in G5. Pruritus was observed at M5, M15, M30 and M60 in G2; at M5, M15, M30, M60 and M120 in G3; at M5, M15, M30, M60, and M120 in G4; and at M5, M15, M30, M60 and M120 in G5. Absence of diuresis was observed at M60 in G2; at M15, M30, M60 and M120 in G3; at M30 and M120 in G4, and at M30, and M60 in G5. Sedation was observed at M15, M30 and M60 in groups 2, 3 and 4; and at M15, M30, M60 and M120 in G5. Respiratory changes were observed at M15, M30 and M60 in G2; at M15, M30 and M60 in G3; at M15 and M30 in groups 4 and 5. CONCLUSIONS: In this study all morphine doses below 1 µg have promoted short duration analgesia; all spinal morphine doses have produced side effects.
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    Estudo comparativo entre levobupivacaína a 0,5% e bupivacaína racêmica a 0,5% associadas ao sufentanil na anestesia peridural para cesariana
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 2001-10-01) Garcia, João Batista Santos [UNIFESP]; Oliveira, José R; Silva, Elismar P A; Privado, Marcelo S; Yamashita, Américo M [UNIFESP]; Issy, Adriana Machado [UNIFESP]; UFMA; UFMA Hospital Universitário Materno Infantil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although the widespread use of local anesthetics in surgery and obstetrics, racemic bupivacaine is associated to potentially fatal cardiotoxicity. Data suggest that levobupivacaine has local anesthetic effects similar to racemic bupivacaine with the advantage of less central nervous system and cardiovascular toxicity. Studies have shown that epidural anesthesia with racemic bupivacaine and sufentanil for cesarean sections results in a better quality of anesthesia. This study aimed at comparing the efficacy of 0.5% racemic bupivacaine and 0.5% levobupivacaine, both associated to sufentanil, for epidural anesthesia in parturients undergoing cesarean delivery. METHODS: Participated in this double-blind study 52 obstetric patients submitted to elective cesarean delivery under epidural anesthesia. Patients were randomized to receive 27 ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine and 30 µg sufentanil (Group I n=26) or 27 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine and 30 µg sufentanil (Group II n=26). Characteristics of sensory and motor block, time for analgesics request in the postoperative period and the incidence of side effects were investigated. RESULTS: Sensory and motor block, time for analgesics request and adverse effects did not differ between groups. However, motor block was significantly longer with levobupivacaine as compared to racemic bupivacaine (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although a longer motor block duration with 0.5% epidural levobupivacaine associated to sufentanil, the efficacy of both local anesthetics associated to sufentanil for cesarean delivery was similar.
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    Lombociatalgia: comparação da analgesia entre metilprednisolona, fentanil e metilprednisolona com fentanil, associados à bupivacaína, por via peridural
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 2001-10-01) Rocha, Quitéria Maria Wanderley [UNIFESP]; Sakata, Rioko Kimiko [UNIFESP]; Issy, Adriana Machado [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Epidural steroids are used as an alternative for the treatment of low back pain refractory to conservative measures. Opioids exert their analgesic effect through binding to spinal cord receptors and may have an additive effect. This study aimed at evaluating efficacy, side-effects and complications of opioids and steroids associated to local anesthetics in the treatment of acute low back pain caused by herniated disks. METHODS: Participated in this study 45 adult patients with acute herniated disks. G-I received 8 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine with methylprednisolone acetate (80 mg); G-II received 8 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine with fentanyl (100 µg) and G-III received 6 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine with fentanyl (100 µg) and 80 mg methylprednisolone acetate. When needed, a new injection was administered after 1 week and 2 weeks into the herniated disk interspace or close to it. Analgesic effects were evaluated through a verbal scale. RESULTS: At 30 minutes, 6, 12 and 24 hours there were no differences among groups as to pain relief. In days 4, 7 and 14, groups G-I and G-III had better pain relief without statistical differences between them. Group II needed more repeated injections in days 7 (G-I = 33.3%; G-II = 100% and G-III = 33.3%) and 14 (G-I = 6.6%, G-II=86.6% and G-III = 6.6%). Tramadol was more frequently used in G-II. G-I referred headache (1 patient), G-II somnolence (2 patients) and pruritus (1 patient) and G-III pruritus (1 patient) and somnolence (1 patient). CONCLUSIONS: Fentanyl did not improve analgesia when associated either to epidural bupivacaine plus methylprednisolone or to plain bupivacaine.