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    Identificação molecular de candidatos a biomarcadores/bioindicadores de impactos antrópicos através de micro-organismos aquáticos em região estuarina da Baixada Santista
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-05-10) Garcia, Heitor [UNIFESP]; Gregoracci, Gustavo Bueno [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The estuarine region of Santos and Sao Vicente is amongst the most impacted areas of Brazil. In this context, it is possible to include ahigh number of ships bound to the greatest port in Latin America, an industrial district located in Cubatão near the estuary, and lack of sanitation. Despite its great importance, surface water quality is impacted by inefficient sewage collection and treatment and by industrial effluents released in the river path. To evaluate the antropic impacts we employed a culture independent methodology (shotgun metagenomics) to seek potential biomarker and/or bioindicator microorganisms which could determine environmental contamination of the water column. The methodology employed here optimized the analysed information by using incremented good quality data, which was added to the files and annotated in MG-Rast. We analysed physical-chemical parameters along the relative picoplankton abundances to correlate organisms and environment. Santos presented the smaller species richness and biodiversity, when confronted with Sao Vicente and control site Cananeia, probably due to larger income of chemical contamination, which likely was limiting factor to many micro-organisms. All sampling sites in this work have shown impacts related to sewage release in the marine environment or lack of treatment, including control site of Cananeia, which did not differ significatively from Sao Vicente, near palafitas. The current beach water balneability index seems ineffective, given the presence of many pathogenic microorganisms which impact human health and are not detected by this approach. Co-occurrence correlation networks are compromised for several physical-chemical parameters, and several pathogenic species are present. This problematic may be connected to the presence of metals and organic contaminants, and the proliferation of key microorganisms identified here may be necessary to make bioremediation possible and to lessen environmental impact. Marinomonas sp. MWYL1 and Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus species could be sentinel organisms for HPA contamination and maybe biorremediation. Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus species seem to tolerate elevated NO2levels. Thalassiossira pseudonana maybe an import species to represent environmental water quality. Species from the Pseudomonas genus may be used as biomarkers of nitrogen contamination or bioremediation, being able to transform those compounds. This work makes it possible to observe the relation between microbial species and several physical-chemical parameters and identify targets which could enable healthier and more complete correlation networks, and maybe provide tools for future bioremediation of this environment.