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    Avaliação dos efeitos biológicos da acidificação dos oceanos associados a presença do fármaco losartan. Math
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-08-27) Guimaraes, Matheus Mascarin [UNIFESP]; Cesar, Augusto [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    In Brazil, deep oil exploration activities include the injection of CO2 to increase the pressure to remove oil from the wells, thus increasing the efficiency of the extraction system. This technique is used, among other reasons, to decrease CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. However, accidental leakage of CO2 can result in several effects on the marine ecosystem, especially those related to the bioavailability of emerging pollutants. Since the last decade, several studies have reported the presence and effects of drugs in the marine environment, especially the antihypertensive class, such as losartan, which is mostly used by the elderly population. In addition, current estimates are for an increase of up to 100% of the elderly population over the next 30 years. However, there is little knowledge about the occurrence and physiological effects of losartan in marine invertebrates, especially regarding its behavior in the face of a possible ocean acidification scenario. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential environmental impacts associated with the acidification of marine environments from the evaluation of bioavailability and toxicity at different levels of the biological organization of the compound losartan on marine organisms in water and sediment. Water and sediment samples were collected at 5 points around the Santos Submarine Sewage outfall (SSO) and 2 points around the Guarujá Submarine Sewage Outfall (GSO). Losartan was observed at all sampling points, with concentrations ranging from 1.37 - 7.63 ng/L in water and from 0.08 to 3.10 ng/g in sediments. In the results of the water toxicity test with Echinometra lucunter, both pH 8.0 and 7.6, the LOEC values were 100mg/L, whereas for pH 7.3 the value was 50mg/L, with EpH50 set forth at 7.35. In the sediment, a CEO of 10μg/g was obtained for pH 8.0, with effect from 1μg/g at pH 7.6 and 7.3, with EpH50 of 7.30. Regarding the trials with mussels Perna perna and Mytella guyanensis, effects were observed at environmentally relevant concentrations, with LOEC of 3000 ng/L and 3 ng/g, respectively. In addition, it was possible to observe the potentiation of the effects of losartan according to the decrease in pH. This study demonstrated that acidification of the oceans by itself causes effects on marine invertebrates, as well as influencing the toxicity of emerging pollutants. In this sense, there is a need to deepen the studies on drug-related toxicology and changes in pH in the marine environment.