Navegando por Palavras-chave "Avaliação de impacto"

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    Análise da metodologia de avaliação de impacto à saúde no Brasil com enfoque a grandes empreendimentos e políticas públicas
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-04-24) Abe, Karina Camasmie [UNIFESP]; Miraglia, Simone Georges El Khouri [UNIFESP]; Saldiva, Paulo Hilário do Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5450805572417395; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6423311971848669; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8719750781707977; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is a methodology standardized by the World Health Organization, which aims to insert the health sector in the development of strategies and public enterprises and policies planning, favoring decision-making and better resources allocation and capital investment. Objectives: This work aimed to analyze the AIS methodology applicability, contextualizing into the Brazilian environment and applying it to two case studies, one of which is the analysis of a public policy, in this case, the Pollution Control Program (PROCONVE) and the other, the analysis of large enterprises, in this case, the Rondônia hydroelectric plants, located on the Madeira River. Methods: A narrative review was conducted in order to evaluate the AIS methodology applicability in Brazil. The methodology used in the PROCONVE case study was descriptive analysis, generalized Poisson linear regression, relative risk and economic valuation through DALY (Disability Adjusted Life Years). The study site was the municipality of São Paulo between 2000 and 2011, analyzing the association between air pollutants and outcomes in morbidity and cardiorespiratory mortality. The second study addressed the impacts of the construction of two hydroelectric dams on the Madeira River, and a bibliographic review was carried out to build a network of impacts. In order to apply HIA for the characterization of one of the impacts identified in the network, descriptive analysis, segmented regression and economic analysis of the defensive costs for the health system due to the incidence of dengue were conducted. Results: The main results of the PROCONVE case study included associations between pollutants and health outcomes, particulate matter (PM) associated with cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. In addition to the mortality result, most of the pollutants showed a downward trend throughout the study period. The application of HIA in the predictive scenarios showed the importance of reducing pollutant concentrations to obtain years of life and financial resources. According to the assessment, air pollution was responsible for a cost of over US $ 3 billion in the analyzed period, only due to cardiorespiratory mortality. In relation to the results of the hydroelectric study, it was possible to determine an association between the beginning of the construction of the projects and the increase of dengue incidence in the State of Rondônia, which tripled health expenditures for this disease, reaching an annual average of R $ 22 , 4 million in the period after the beginning of the works. Conclusion: 21 The application of HIA for both case studies has proved to be an organized, standardized and transparent way of assessing the effects of both a public policy and a major infrastructure project. For the case study of PROCONVE, it is suggested the immediate revision of the air quality standards in Brazil, while for the study of hydroelectric plants, it is suggested the insertion of HIA in the environmental licensing. Based on the analysis of the application of HIA for both studies, the institutionalization of this methodology, considering Brazilian environment peculiarities, contextualizing it to the local population groups, the availability of reliable data and with the intention of promoting a Relationship between stakeholders and decision makers.
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    Avaliação de Programas de Genômica desenvolvidos no Brasil
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011-05-25) Gamba, Estêvão André Cabestré [UNIFESP]; Meneghini, Rogerio [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    This dissertation aims at evaluating the impact of projects A Genoma Xylella fastidiosa (Simpson et al, 2000) e Xanthomonas citri (Silva et al, 2002) funded by FAPESP, Chromobacterium violaceum (Brazilian National Project Consortium, 2003) promoted by The Ministry of Science and Technology in Molecular Biology, in the period from 1996 to 2007. It starts with the hypothesis that the programs studied strengthened Genomics Molecular Biology in São Paulo state. The methodological design included two directions: 1) quantitative description of scientific (Articles indexed in ISI and SCOPUS) and technological (Requests for registration of patents with the U.S. office of patents – USPTO) production and the Brazilian state of São Paulo in the field of molecular biology when compared to developed and developing countries. We consider how the period of investigation between 1997 and 2010; 2) quantitative and qualitative analysis of the impact of techno-scientific projects in the trajectories of the researchers involved, integrating data on level of training, placement in the development system (scientific productivity and/or technological) and qualitative aspects of the benefits, obstacles challenges. The results indicate that, after 1997, Brazil, when compared to developing countries, presents significant growth of scientific literature in molecular biology, especially the state of Sao Paulo, as well as an imbalance between growth and innovation, since the number of patent applications is still lower than expected. The analysis of Lattes and interviews with researchers involved indicate difficulties in the continuity of research projects in the area, despite the recognition of the importance of programs to the techno-scientific careers, equipment acquisition and training of subareas that do not exist as bioinformatics. Considering the current scenario (2009-2010), marked by changes in public perception of the genomics program and recognition of successful programs in international journals in the recent editorial in Nature, the retrospective made in this dissertation (1996-2007) sheds light on the demand for a perspective look at the object of further research.