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    Efeito placebo no exercício de endurance até a exaustão: revisão sistemática
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-10-01) Motoyama, Yuri Lopes [UNIFESP]; Azevedo, Paulo Henrique Silva Marques de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Background and objective: Currently, research on exercises that use a placebo group is standardized. However, there is a large variability in the effects found, making it difficult to understand this phenomenon in exercise. One way to improve the sensitivity of this analysis can be the qualitative evaluation of studies separating them by exercise type and protocol for inducing fatigue. Through a systematic review, studies that used a placebo group with a control group during endurance exercises (without endpoint predetermined) were critically evaluated. Methods: After searching multiple databases, randomized controlled trials that assess the placebo effect with ergogenic outcomes were identified. The works selected through systematization had their methodological quality analyzed by the GRADE and Risk of Bias tools. Results: Eight studies (91 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Six studies had ergogenic placebo effect, and two studies had ergolytic effect. The occurrence of the placebo effect may vary depending on characteristics related to the study design but it is mainly influenced by the way participants' beliefs are modulated. Conclusion: Empirical evidence from this review indicates that the existence of an ergogenic placebo effect in endurance activities depends on study design characteristics. By assessing the level of evidence, reliance on effect estimation shows an important degree of uncertainty in the found placebos effects making generalizations impossible.