Navegando por Palavras-chave "Bruchinae"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Efeito da predação por Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) na sincronização da germinação e na aptidão de Leucaena leucocephala (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae)(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2024-09-05) Santana, Bárbara Alves [UNIFESP]; Rossi, Marcelo Nogueira [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2729835837490395; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6566611646737712Interações ecológicas como do tipo predador-presa são muito importantes e muito estudadas em ecologia, pois contribuem para um melhor entendimento das dinâmicas populacionais e da estrutura das comunidades. Porém, as implicações ecológicas de interações predador-presa em sistemas inseto-planta ainda são pouco conhecidas. O objeto do presente estudo foi investigar a emergência e o desempenho de plântulas de Leucaena leucocephala, considerada planta invasora em vários países, quando as sementes são predadas pelo bruquíneo Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus, comparando-se com plântulas de sementes intactas e escarificadas. Foram testadas as hipóteses de que as sementes predadas exibem maior velocidade e sincronia de emergência das plântulas, quando comparadas com sementes intactas, bem como que o tamanho e a sobrevivência das plântulas provenientes de sementes predadas são menores em relação às provenientes de sementes intactas e escarificadas. Frutos foram coletados em três localidades e levados para o laboratório, onde as sementes foram removidas. Cem sementes foram escarificadas, 100 permaneceram intactas e 100 sementes com um orifício característico de emergência do bruquíneo adulto foram separadas. As sementes foram semeadas em tubetes, definindo os três tratamentos experimentais. A velocidade de emergência, o tamanho e a sobrevivência das plântulas foram registradas durante 122 dias. Foi constatado que as plântulas de sementes predadas emergem mais rapidamente que plântulas de sementes intactas, porém, estas plântulas cresceram menos e sobreviveram por menos tempo. As plântulas de sementes escarificadas atingiram tamanhos maiores, emergiram mais rápido e sobreviveram por um tempo maior. Assim, apesar de A. macrophthalmus ser considerado um agente de escarificação natural das sementes de L. leucocephala, sua ação afeta a sobrevivência e o desenvolvimento das plântulas, podendo ser considerado um predador das sementes desta planta.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosOviposition pattern and within-season spatial and temporal variation of pre-dispersal seed predation in a population of Mimosa bimucronata trees(Springer, 2011-09-01) Rossi, Marcelo N. [UNIFESP]; Silva Rodrigues, Ligia M. da; Ishino, Marcos N.; Kestring, Debora; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); São Paulo State Univ UniespSpatial and temporal variation of pre-dispersal seed predation was investigated in a population of Mimosa bimucronata trees located in the south-east region of Brazil. Three main hypotheses were addressed: (1) that the life stages of the seed predator Acanthoscelides schrankiae are synchronised with the reproductive stages of its host plant; (2) that seed predation levels vary spatially as a result of differences in fruiting phenology synchrony and fruit production among trees; and (3) that predation levels should be affected by the proximity of trees, showing a spatial structure. Also investigated was the oviposition pattern of A. schrankiae among seeds and fruits. Twenty spatially referenced trees were monitored throughout a year to examine tree phenology and egg laying and adult emergence. the bruchine's life stages were synchronised with the reproductive stages of M. bimucronata trees. Egg distribution among seeds and fruits was aggregated. Infestation rates of adult bruchines were not spatially related to fruiting phenology and there is evidence that seed predation is a spatially density-independent process, because the relationship between infestation rates and fruit production was not significant. Finally, it was observed that the distribution of adult bruchines was spatially structured, because similar levels of infestation were found among nearby trees.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Variação geográfica no tamanho corporal e dimorfismo sexual de tamanho em uma espécie de besouro predador de sementes de Leucaena leucocephala(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2015-07-31) Haga, Eloisa Brandão [UNIFESP]; Rossi, Marcelo Nogueira [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)A central question in ecology and evolutionary biology is to explain large-scale spatial patterns of variation in body size. Explaining these patterns is important because larger individuals may show advantages in fitness than smaller individuals, resulting in adaptive and evolutionary implications. For ectothermic organisms, little is known about what variables (i.e., processes) influence these patterns. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to identify important variables that explain body size and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) variation in Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus collected from 24 Leucaena leucocephala populations, distributed along a latitudinal gradient, between the cities of Belo Horizonte and Porto Alegre. The latitude, altitude, and physical and chemical traits of L. leucocephala seeds (hardness, size, water content, carbon/nitrogen relation and phenolic contents) were used as explanatory variables. Body size of males and females was not related to latitude, altitude and the physical and chemical seed traits. However, the female body size tended to vary more in size than the males, generating the SSD pattern observed in relation to latitude and altitude. Our results suggest that water content was the seed trait responsible for SSD variation, particularly for promoting changes in female body size. The males were the larger sex in lower latitudes and in higher altitudes, where the water content was smaller than in higher latitudes and lower altitudes, where the females were the larger sex. In this study, it was shown that males and females have different responses to seed water content, explaining the observed patterns of SSD variation.