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    Política Baseada Em Evidências
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-05-23) Simoyama, Felipe De Oliveira [UNIFESP]; Bueno, Ricardo Luiz Pereira [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    A large number of studies have been published on the so-called evidence-based policy (EBP), however, some significant gaps remain open in the area, such as: who should be responsible for research integrity, how to assess the quality of evidence, and how should decisions be made. Moreover, in spite of the large number of recommendations for EBP implementation, it lacks empirical evidence to validate these arguments, i.e. a demonstration that policies, as currently formulated, do not work. Also, despite such recommendations, it is not known whether, in fact, evidences are not used by policymakers. This research presents three essays on EBP with the main objective of filling some of the gaps noticed in literature, and also contributing to the advancement of EBP by setting forth its importance in different aspects of public policy. The first essay is a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA protocol, it focuses on conceptual studies and includes the most used methods and the main barriers faced by EBP. The second essay presents an analysis of a set of systematic reviews of public policies carried out by Campbell Collaboration over a period of five years, with the main objective of verifying the effectiveness of public policies in several areas. Results indicate that less than half of public policies work, and it demonstrates the importance of the use of evidence in public policies, especially in the formulation and evaluation stages. The third essay is an analysis of public policies of Brazilian municipal capitals, amounting to 180 documents. Its main objective was to verify the rate of use of evidence in public policies in these cities. Results indicate that evidences do not play an important role in the process of policy formulation in the main Brazilian cities, not even those considered of less scientific value. Essentially, this study presents several opportunities for the advancement of EBP both practically and theoretically, by pointing out its importance for the improvement of public policy process, especially when confronted with the failures noted in the method currently used by policy formulators.