Navegando por Palavras-chave "Clonazepam"

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    Clonazepam, um campeão de vendas no Brasil. Por quê?
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016-06-01) Cruz, Nelma Lourenco de Matos [UNIFESP]; Carlini, Elisaldo Luiz de Araujo [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5948335656347039; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8459051263596166; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine, is the leading seller in Brazil and the most consumed version of Ordinance 344/98. It is used in the treatment of central nervous system disorders including epilepsy, anxiety, social phobia, insomnia, affective bipolar disorders, panic disorders and akathisia. Clonazepam has high therapeutic efficacy, low toxicity and can lead to dependence after six to eight weeks of use – withdrawal symptoms may occur if there is abrupt discontinuation of use, even in therapeutic doses. This study aims to analyse the various reasons for high sales and consumption of the drug in Brazil. Methodology: the high consumption of clonazepam is a phenomenon of unknown causes and effects; therefore, qualitative research was employed. The focus groups of nineteen patients, five doctors and four pharmacists was formed within two research sites: Funilândia (Minas Gerais) and São Paulo (São Paulo). Interviews were conducted with semi-structured scripts and content analysis with the help of NVivo software. Results – Patients: After use of Clonazepam, patients declared feeling symptoms of sleepiness, relaxation, comfort and security. The range of dosage patients self-administer can be dependent on the emotional state of the users, who do not report taking high doses of clonazepam. The period of use of the drug among patients was up to fifteen years. Information is exchanged between users, and many of them are friends or relatives. Many of them reported being able to get a prescription for clonazepam without receiving medical consultation. Many patients also tried to stop the use of the drug, but were not able to. All of them reported never having received guidance from pharmacists, and only a few received instruction from doctors. Doctors: The main stated reason for prescribing the drug to patients was “renewing a previous prescription from another doctor”. They also declared that were aware of the dosage flexibility, but that the patients do not abusive it. Doctors trust the drug and find it safe, believing that patients use Clonazepam in order to treat ‘problems’. Pharmacists: Pharmacists do not feel co-responsible for the prescription of Clonazepam. They believe that the control of sales of the drug is inefficient and easy to get around – there have been sales of the drug without the correct prescription produced. One of the pharmacists in the study declared that they sell the drug without prescription, something that was witnessed during during the interview. Pharmaceutical laboratories - were not forthcoming in their interest to be a part of the research, and they refused the invitation to participate. Conclusions: The abuse and misuse of Clonazepam is a public health problem. The results of the research indicate failure in the use, the prescription, and the control of sales of Clonazepam. It is necessary to restructure systems that monitor the production, prescription and sales of the drug. Refresher training for health professionals should be encouraged in order to promote rational and sensible use of medicines, especially in the case of psychotropic medicine. Finally, there should be further promotion of actions aimed at users of Clonazepam seeking to educate them about the benefits and risks of using such drugs, self-medication and appropriate use of medicines.
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    Efeitos do uso associado da cocaína e clonazepam no comportamento tipo ansioso, sono e neurogênese em ratos
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-03-28) Dokkedal Silva, Vinicius [UNIFESP]; Andersen, Monica Levy [UNIFESP]; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4794093P4; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4671667Y6; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: The recreational use of psychotropic substances is a growing problem in the Brazilian society and around the world. Recently, the use of clonazepam to ameliorate side-effects from cocaine use has been reported. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of the combination of cocaine and clonazepam in the anxiety-like behavior, sleep and neurogenesis in rats. Methods: In experiment 1, animals were treated for 16 days with different doses of cocaine and clonazepam and had their behavior evaluated in open field and elevated plus-maze tests before and after the treatment phase. In experiment 2, animals were treated for 16 days with cocaine, clonazepam or both drugs, receiving doses based in the results from experiment 1. The acute effects on sleep were evaluated during the first day of treatment. At the end of the treatment phase, animals underwent tests for evaluation of anxiety-like behavior. After these procedures, rats were subjected to transcardial perfusion and their brains were collected for analysis of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Results: In experiment 1, the doses which elicited the appearance of more pronounced anxiety-like behaviors were 1.25 mg/kg of clonazepam and 15 mg/kg of cocaine. In experiment 2, the behavioral tests found alterations in locomotor and exploratory activities, indicating the emergence of withdrawal syndrome and consequently, anxiety-like behavior. Animals treated with both cocaine and clonazepam presented, in acute sleep recording, reduction of REM sleep during the light phase and increase in REM sleep onset latency, indicating alterations in sleep architecture, which was also observed in the group treated solely with cocaine. The group treated solely with clonazepam did not present significant differences regarding these parameters. Neurogenesis analyses did not find significant results. It is possible that other factors participate in the pathways by which cocaine and clonazepam affect this process and modulate the effects that both substances can have in neurogenesis. Conclusions: The results from this study show that the interaction between cocaine and clonazepam can have negative effects on different aspects of the organism in an animal model, justifying more in-depth studies about this interaction.