Navegando por Palavras-chave "Communication disorders"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Alterações fonoaudiológicas presentes em um caso de síndrome de Goldenhar(Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia, 2007-06-01) Lima, Fernanda Thieme; Araújo, Camila Brenner de [UNIFESP]; Sousa, Elaine Colombo [UNIFESP]; Chiari, Brasilia Maria [UNIFESP]; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Language is a complex process that involves the participation and interaction of all of its components: phonology, semantics, morphology, syntax and pragmatics. The acquisition and organization of these components are related to internal capacities of the human being and also to his environment. Any implication in one or more of these components brings consequences to language development in general. In Goldenhar's syndrome, different implications may affect the individual's ability to communicate. Thus, the purpose of this research was to describe the speech, language and hearing impairments found in a child with Goldenhar's syndrome and to provide additional information that might contribute to the apropriate speech-language and hearing intervention. The child, a female 8 years and 8 months old, was submitted to language, speech, voice, hearing and oral motricity evaluations. Deficits in the cognitive aspects of language were observed: spatial orientation notion, logical abstract reasoning, memory and attention; as well as deficits of oral expression and comprehension, phonoarticulatory organs, neurovegetative functions and hearing (bilateral hearing loss). Many cases of Goldenhar's syndrome have been described in literature. However, great part of them emphasize the description of genetic and fenotipic manifestations of the studied individuals. Hence, the speech-language and hearing findings of the present study cannot be generalized to all of the individuals with Goldenhar's syndrome, since this is a report of single case. These findings evidence the need for the diagnostic and interventive participation of the speech-language and hearing therapist as part of a multidisciplinary team, in cases of genetic syndromes.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Impacto das inabilidades comunicativas de idosos com demência na sobrecarga e na qualidade de vida dos seus cuidadores(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010-03-31) Roque, Francelise Pivetta [UNIFESP]; Chiari, Brasilia Maria [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Background: Health is facing a new challenge - the managing of incapacitating chronic disease, common among the elderly such as dementia, which affects significantly both the sick individual and their caregiver. The impairment of communication since the early stage of dementia may cause negative impact on the old people with dementia and their caregivers. The reviewed studies that evaluated the relationship between communicative inabilities of elderly people with dementia and the burden of their caregivers did so indirectly. There was, among the studies reviewed, none that examine the correlation between these disabilities and quality of life of caregivers. Objectives: 1) To verify the impact of functional communicative inabilities of old people with dementia on the burden and quality of life of their primary caregivers. 2) To verify the association between these inabilities and behavior disorders in old people with dementia, and, so, between this behavior disorders, burden and quality of life of the caregivers. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional analytical study in a geriatric public service in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. The sample comprised 50 elderly with Alzheimer’s disease isolated or associated to vascular dementia and their primary caregivers, on anticholinergic drugs without neurological and psychiatric disorders that are not commonly associated to dementia, and their primary caregivers (Study Group – SG), and 100 controls (Control Group – CG) – 50 healthy old people (matched for sex, age and literacy) plus 50 people who had close contact with the former. We evaluated the impact of functional communicative inabilities of old people with dementia (Questionnaire Functional Assessment of Communication Skills of the American Speech - ASHA-FACS) on the burden (Caregiver Burden Scale - CBS) and quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire - short version - WHOQOL - Bref) of their primary caregivers. We also analyzed the association between these inabilities and behavioral disorders of the old people with dementia in SG, and so, between the former, burden and quality of life of their caregivers, using Spearman correlation (SPSS 17.0). Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between the Social Communication (ASHA-FACS) and Psychological domain of Quality of Life (WHOQoL-Bref), as well as between Communication of Basic Needs, the Independence Communicative Index (ASHA-FACS) and "Depression and Dysphoria" of Neuro-Psychiatric Inventory. This, in turn, correlated with the “total index” of Burden (CBS). Conclusions: The functional inability of social communication of old people with dementia proved to have a psychological impact on the quality of life of their caregivers. There was probably an indirect association between the communication inabilities in dementia and the burden of the caregivers, mediated by the behavior disorders in the old people with dementia.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Narrative competence among hearing-impaired and normal-hearing children: analytical cross-sectional study(Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM, 2010-01-01) Soares, Alexandra Dezani [UNIFESP]; Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia de [UNIFESP]; Chiari, Brasilia Maria [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Oral narrative is a means of language development assessment. However, standardized data for deaf patients are scarce. The aim here was to compare the use of narrative competence between hearing-impaired and normal-hearing children. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study at the Department of Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). METHODS: Twenty-one moderately to profoundly bilaterally hearing-impaired children (cases) and 21 normal-hearing children without language abnormalities (controls), matched according to sex, age, schooling level and school type, were studied. A board showing pictures in a temporally logical sequence was presented to each child, to elicit a narrative, and the child's performance relating to narrative structure and cohesion was measured. The frequencies of variables, their associations (Mann-Whitney test) and their 95% confidence intervals was analyzed. RESULTS: The deaf subjects showed poorer performance regarding narrative structure, use of connectives, cohesion measurements and general punctuation (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the number of propositions elaborated or in referent specification between the two groups. The deaf children produced a higher proportion of orientation-related propositions (P = 0.001) and lower proportions of propositions relating to complicating actions (P = 0.015) and character reactions (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Hearing-impaired children have abnormalities in different aspects of language, involving form, content and use, in relation to their normal-hearing peers. Narrative competence was also associated with the children's ages and the school type.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Use of nouns and verbs in the oral narrative of individuals with hearing impairment and normal hearing between 5 and 11 years of age(Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM, 2013-01-01) Amemiya, Erica Endo; Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia; Chiari, Brasilia Maria [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Social Psychology DepartmentCONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:Nouns and verbs indicate actions in oral communication. However, hearing impairment can compromise the acquisition of oral language to such an extent that appropriate use of these can be challenging. The objective of this study was to compare the use of nouns and verbs in the oral narrative of hearing-impaired and hearing children.DESIGN AND SETTING:Analytical cross-sectional study at the Department of Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo.METHODS:Twenty-one children with moderate to profound bilateral neurosensory hearing impairment and twenty-one with normal hearing (controls) were matched according to sex, school year and school type. A board showing pictures was presented to each child, to elicit a narrative and measure their performance in producing nouns and verbs.RESULTS:Twenty-two (52.4%) of the subjects were males. The mean age was 8 years (standard deviation, SD = 1.5). Comparing averages between the groups of boys and girls, we did not find any significant difference in their use of nouns, but among verbs, there was a significant difference regarding use of the imperative (P = 0.041): more frequent among boys (mean = 2.91). There was no significant difference in the use of nouns and verbs between deaf children and hearers, in relation to school type. Regarding use of the indicative, there was a nearly significant trend (P = 0.058).CONCLUSION:Among oralized hearing-impaired children who underwent speech therapy, their performance regarding verbs and noun use was similar to that of their hearing counterparts.