Navegando por Palavras-chave "Contexto"

Agora exibindo 1 - 3 de 3
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    Indução e expressão da sensibilização locomotora à cocaína e estruturas neuroanatômicas envolvidas nesse fenômeno: um estudo comportamental e estereológico
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-05-31) Santos, Renan dos [UNIFESP]; Longo, Beatriz Monteiro [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0245964878412260; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5723339206716637; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Drug addiction has been one of the major concerns of modern society. Given this, it has been the focus of study in several segments of the human, medical and biological sciences. Epidemiological data, particularly in Brazil, show that the consumption of some drugs has been growing steadily over the years, a fact that serves as motivation for biological research that seeks to characterize this phenomenon. Studies have shown that drugs with abuse potential modulate the functioning of various brain structures in the limbic system, both in humans and rodents. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize the behavioral effects of locomotor sensitization to cocaine. In addition, we aimed to characterize neuroanatomical structures involved in this phenomenon, through the stereological quantification of Fos protein, a three-dimensional technique recognized for its excellence in unbiased quantification. For this, in the behavioral experiment 1, female Swiss mice were distributed in three groups: Sal-Sal, Coc-Sal, Sal-Coc. All animals were habituated for three consecutive days in the open field apparatus. The next day, the conditioning process began. Thus, animals from the Sal-Sal group received a first i.p. injection of saline solution and then were exposed to the open field for 10 minutes and returned to the housing box. Two hours later, these animals received a second saline injection and were immediately returned to the housing box. The animals of the Coc-Sal and Sal-Coc groups were handled in the same way except that the Coc-Sal group received the first injection of 10 mg / kg of cocaine and the second of saline, while the Sal-Coc group received the first injection of saline and the second dose of cocaine at a dose of 10 mg / kg. Thus, in the Coc-Sal group, cocaine was matched to the environmental context, not to the Sal-Coc group. Pharmacological treatment (cocaine or saline) occurred intermittently for 15 days. After the last day of conditioning, the animals were euthanized for a subsequent immunohistochemical procedure. In the behavioral experiment 2, the protocol followed in the same way, however, after the conditioning period, the animals remained without being manipulated experimentally for 10 days, after this interval, all the animals were challenged with cocaine and soon after, euthanized to later perform the immunohistochemical procedure. The behavioral results indicated that only the animals that were treated with cocaine in a similar way to the environmental context showed a marked locomotor response, both in behavioral experiment 1 (characterizing the development of locomotor sensitization) and behavioral experiment 2 (characterizing the expression of locomotor sensitization). Regarding Fos protein expression, there was a greater expression of this marker of neural activity in the medial dorsal prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens shell, basolateral amygdala and ventral integumentary area of cocaine-conditioned animals in the developmental phase of locomotive sensitization. While in the expression phase of locomotor sensitization, there was greater expression of Fos in the prefrontal cortex medial dorsum, nucleus accumbens core and shell, basolateral amygdala and central amygdala. In the orbitofrontal cortex, the animals that received cocaine in a context-matched form at the development stage of the sensitization had a lower Fos expression. Therefore, this data indicates that the environmental context plays a prominent role in the development and expression of locomotor sensitization, and that structures that make up the limbic system, but not all, contribute to this phenomenon.
  • Imagem de Miniatura
    Item
    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Investigação da participação de pequenos grupos neurais seletivamente ativados do hipocampo dorsal na reinstalação da autoadministração de etanol induzido pelo contexto
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-05-30) Jesus, Jaqueline Moreira Felipe de [UNIFESP]; Cruz, Fabio Cardoso [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4804337113083801; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762079560232831; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Drug relapse is the major problem in drug addiction. Environmental contexts previously associated with drug use cause relapse to drug use in humans and reinstatement of drug seeking in animal models. Here, we evaluated the role of dorsal hippocampus in context-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking in rats. To assess a causal role for this brain region, we trained male rats to self-administrate alcohol in context A and extinguished their lever-pressing in Context B. On the test day, animals were re-exposed to the alcohol context A or the extinction context B for 30 min. Context-induced reinstatement was associated with increased expression of the immediate early genes fos in CA1, CA3 and Dentate Gyrus hippocampus subregion. Cobalt Chloride injection into CA1 region attenuated context-induced reinstatement of ethanol seeking, without affecting the locomotor activity. Further, Daun02 injection into CA1 region attenuated context-induced alcohol seeking. Our data suggest that context-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking is mediated by activation of context-selected dorsal hippocampus neuronal ensembles.
  • Imagem de Miniatura
    Item
    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Linguagem e significado nas investigações filosóficas de Wittgenstein
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-04-12) Tavares, Francisco Renato [UNIFESP]; Carvalho, Marcelo Silva De [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    This work presents the way in which Wittgenstein understands the language in Philosophical Investigations. From a dialogue with the Augustinian image, the Austrian presents a new form of understanding the language. According to this form, language is understood by the idea of language games that presents the same as an activity that occurs in a context of practices shared by users of language, not for an alleged relationship established between language and world. With the idea of language games, Wittgenstein shows that various forms of linguistic use are possible, not just a single form, and many of the so-called philosophical problems results from a misunderstanding of what linguistic activity is.