Navegando por Palavras-chave "Cross-Cultural Comparison"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)An adaptable open access test battery to study the fractionation of Executive Functions in diverse populations(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-01-30) Zanini, Gislaine De Almeida Valverde [UNIFESP]; Pompeia, Sabine [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São PauloExecutive functions is an umbrella-term that includes various domain-general, goaldirected cognitive abilities responsible for the regulation of thought and behavior. The influential unity and diversity model of executive functions proposes the existence of three correlated yet separable executive domains: inhibition, shifting and updating. This model has been replicated in many types of samples but seldom in developing nations, despite it being well known that people from different cultural contexts can vary not only in executive functioning, but also in terms of perceptual speed and motor responses that are involved in performance in executive function tasks. Additionally, tasks and scoring used to test this model are rarely explained in detail, reducing the chances of replicability. Objective: To Propose a FREE (Free Research Executive Function Evaluation) test battery that includes two open access tasks of each of the three above mentioned executive domains. The tasks and number of trials were selected among published measures that have been shown to be representative of each domain (have content and construct validity) and do not require special hardware or paid software to be administered. Method: The tasks were adapted for use in populations with low or inadequate schooling by simplifying tasks/instructions and using stimuli that are easily recognized, such as pictures. Answers to tests are vocal and tasks are self-paced to minimize interference of individual differences in psychomotor and perceptual speed. Performance was determined by Rate Correct Scores (RCS: correct answers divided by total time taken to complete blocks/trial, timed by the examiner with stopwatches), which take into account speed-accuracy trade-offs. We tested the tasks in 146 early adolescents (aged 9-15 years) of both sexes of varying socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds, because at this age that the executive domains become distinguishable. Criterion-related validity was assessed by analyzing the expected developmental trajectories and effects of sex in all tasks, as well as the effects of SES. Evidence of construct-related validity (configural invariance compared to the original model) was tested by trying to replicate the three-factor model solution of the model. Results: Test scores deviated little from normal distributions. Floor and ceiling effects were not observed. Like many prior studies with individuals of this age range, performance improved with age in all task except in metrics that measured executive inhibition costs, which are found to mature after 15 years of age. Sex and SES had minor and inconsistent effects, indicating that SES effects found in xiii the literature may, at least in part, be an artefact of inadequate task/stimuli selection in prior studies. Additionally, the three-factor solution of the unity and diversity model of executive functions was replicated with confirmatory structural equation modeling. Conclusion: The FREE test battery, which is described in detail and is open access, may be useful for research in a wide range of countries worldwide if the instructions and stimuli are adapted following our suggestions for each population of interest.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Adaptação cultural do Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) para população brasileira(Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 2010-01-01) Mucci, Samantha [UNIFESP]; Citero, Vanessa de Albuquerque [UNIFESP]; Gonzalez, Adriano Miziara [UNIFESP]; De Marco, Mario Alfredo [UNIFESP]; Nogueira-Martins, Luiz Antonio [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The aims of this study were the English-to-Portuguese translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) for use in Brazil. The instrument was translated from the original language, English, to Portuguese by the authors, and was subsequently reviewed and evaluated as to the degree of difficulty of the translation and equivalence, by bilingual translators. The questionnaire was then applied to 20 randomly selected patients with chronic liver disease. Patients had no difficulty understanding the questionnaire and considered all the questions applicable. The cultural equivalence of the CLDQ was demonstrated, without requiring changes in the original translation. The translation into Portuguese and cross-cultural adaptation of the CLDQ successfully completed this important stage for its validation and use in Brazil.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosTranscultural adaptation of the johns hopkins fall risk assessment tool(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Martinez, Maria Carmen; Iwamoto, Viviane Ernesto; Dias de Oliveira Latorre, Maria do Rosario; Noronha, Adriana Moreira; de Sousa Oliveira, Ana Paula; Alves Cardoso, Carlos Eduardo; Braga Marques, Ifigenia Augusta; Vendramim, Patricia [UNIFESP]; Lopes, Paula Cristina; Saes de Sant'Ana, Thais HelenaObjective: to perform the transcultural adaptation and content validity analysis of the Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool to assess both fall risk and fall-related injury risk for hospitalized elderly in Brazil. Method: the transcultural adaptation consisted of translating the scale to por (Brazil), back-translating it into its language of origin, establishing a consensus version, and having an expert committee verify its transcultural equivalence. Content assessment was conducted by a committee of judges, ending with the calculation of the items and scales' content validity index. Nurses tested the tool. Results: the scale's translated version went through two evaluation rounds by the judges, based on which, the items with unsatisfactory performance were changed. The content validity index for the items was >= 80.0% and the global index 97.1%. The experimental application showed the scale is user-friendly. Conclusion: the scale presents valid content for the assessment of fall risk and risk of fall-related injuries and is easy to use, with the potential to contribute to the proper identification of risks and the establishment of care actions.