Navegando por Palavras-chave "Episodic memory"
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- ItemSomente MetadadadosAssessment of working memory in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis(Elsevier B.V., 2010-07-01) Silva Tudesco, Ivanda de Souza [UNIFESP]; Vaz, Leonardo Jose [UNIFESP]; Silva Mantoan, Marcele Araujo [UNIFESP]; Belzunces, Erich [UNIFESP]; Noffs, Maria Helena [UNIFESP]; Sales Ferreira Caboclo, Luis Otavio [UNIFESP]; Targas Yacubian, Elza Marcia [UNIFESP]; Sakamoto, Americo Ceiki [UNIFESP]; Amodeo Bueno, Orlando Francisco [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objective: the aim of the present study was to investigate whether working memory is impaired in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS), a controversial and largely unexplored matter.Methods: Twenty subjects with left MTLE-HS, 19 with right MTLE-HS, and 21 control right-handed subjects underwent neuropsychological assessment of episodic and semantic memory, executive functions, and specific working memory components.Results: Left and right epileptogenic foci resulted in impairment of verbal and nonverbal episodic memory (verbal memory deficit greater in left MTLE-HS than in right MTLE-HS). in addition, patients with left MTLE-HS were impaired in teaming paired associates, verbal fluency, and Trail Making. No differences were seen in the tests carried out to evaluate the working memory components (except visuospatial short-term memory in right MTLE-HS).Conclusion: in this study we did not detect reliable working memory impairment in patients with MTLE-HS with either a left or right focus in most tasks considered as tests of working memory components. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Potenciais cognitivos evocados durante a codificação de itens distintos e relacionados entre si: efeitos sobre a recordação livre(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2006-01-27) Ruiz, Ana Maria Nogueira [UNIFESP]; Bueno, Orlando Francisco Amodeo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Rationale: In free-recall tasks there is a facilitation in recall of semantically related words inserted in the middle serial positions of lists of words with no other relations between them. This facilitation can be due to a series of undetermined cognitive processes such as: a) distinctiveness of the related items; b) activation of preexistent representations in memory; c) processes involved in the integration of related items. The present study sought to investigate the involvement of these processes in the facilitation effect employing both behavioural data and event related potential (ERP) alterations during encoding of words. Methods: Twenty-three undergraduates studied 80 fifteen-word lists in 4 sessions (20 random lists per session). The words in the lists were unrelated except for those in serial positions 7, 8, e 9 de 60 lists, resulting in 4 list types (20 of each) with: a) semantic relations (e.g. milk, cheese, butter); b) phonetic relations (e.g. sea, fee, knee); c) perceptual relations (words related by the type font); d) no relations (control lists). Free-recall was obtained after presentation of each list. ERPs were registered from Fz, Cz and Pz during encoding of words in positions 7, 8, 9 and 10. Results: Recall facilitation varied between lists (semantic> phonetic> perceptual > control). ERPs showed modulations of components identified as P300, N400 and another late positive component (LPC) that varied according to type of relation and electrode location. Among perceptually related words, only that in the 7th serial position was more recalled than in the control list and it led to a positivity that corresponded to a P300. In the 8th and 9th words in the lists with semantic and phonetic relations the N400 was less negative than in control lists but did nor reflect the recall pattern (semantic > phonetic). An LPC occurred only in the 8th word in the semantic lists at FZ and in the 9th in all electrodes in both lists with semantic and phonetic relations which reflected the recall pattern. Conclusion: Results suggest that semantic facilitation effects can be attributed to different processes that occur together at encoding of related stimuli and that are not only due to P300 changes triggered by distinctiveness. P300 amplitude predicted recall only of single distinct items. When there was an opportunity of grouping two or three items such as in the semantic and phonetic lists, N400 and LPC participated in the facilitation effect.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Reavaliação de doses agudas de benzodiazepínicos como modelo de amnésia anterógrada(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-02-28) Segura, Isis Angélica [UNIFESP]; Pompéia, Sabine [UNIFESP]; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4728881J1; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7010761150041393; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K8754492T4; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8964415380671590; São Paulo; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Acute benzodiazepines (BZ) administration is regarded as a pharmacological model of unspecific organic anterograde amnesia. Objectives: To establish which type of amnesia BZs best model. To this end we determined the acute effects of the BZ compound diazepam on cognitive processes that have not been investigated in the BZ literature and that distinguish different types amnesia: susceptibility to retroactive interference and accelerated forgetting. We also investigated the effects on working memory capacity (WMC), which is important for episodic memory encoding and retrieval. Methods: Thirty young, healthy undergraduates participated in this doubleblind, parallel-group design experiment in which participants were randomly allocated to one of two acute oral treatments: diazepam (15 mg) or placebo. Baseline performances on two WMC tasks and immediate free-recall of stories were initially assessed. One of these stories was immediately followed by 10 min of Retroactive Interference (RI), that is, spotting differences in pictures and another by Minimum RI (MinRI), or quiet rest in a darkened room. The tasks were repeated after treatment, followed by a surprise delayed free-recall of all 4 presented stories, which allowed their reconsolidation under both treatments. At the end of the post-treatment session, two other stories were presented following the RI and MinRI protocol and subjected only to immediate free-recall (no reconsolidation post-treatment). In a treatment-free session after 7 days, a surprise delayed recall of all stories was carried out to assess memory decay. Results: Diazepam elicited profound anterograde amnesia for story content consolidated and reconsolidated under the drug treatment, slightly impaired immediate free-recall but did not affect retrieval of stories presented pre-treatment, WMC, nor increased susceptibility to RI or accelerated forgetting of prose consolidated and reconsolidated under the effect of the BZ. Conclusion: The cognitive profile induced by acute administration of diazepam is similar to that of patients with organic anterograde amnesia resulting from insults to hippocampal structures involved in consolidation/reconsolidation of episodic memories.