Navegando por Palavras-chave "Estilo de vida saudável"

Agora exibindo 1 - 3 de 3
  • Imagem de Miniatura
    Item
    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Impacto adicional de práticas não farmacológicas associadas ao tratamento medicamentoso nos sintomas do refluxo laringofaríngeo
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2018-10-25) Moreira, Marinalva Aparecida [UNIFESP]; Biase, Noemi Grigoletto De [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3156326658988323; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3886612683861842; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a spontaneous movement of the gastric contents of the stomach into the esophagus, considered physiological. When the reflux product reaches the supraesophageal regions - pharynx and larynx - symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) occur, characterized by dysfunction in the upper esophageal sphincter (UES). The most frequent symptoms of LPR are: pharyngeal globus, throat clearing, halitosis, dysphonia, odynophagia, dysphagia, regurgitation, cough, among others; having as characteristic signs subglottic edema, ventricular obliteration, erythema/hyperemia, vocal fold edema, diffuse laryngeal edema, interaritenoid hypertrophy, granuloma/granulation tissue, thick endolaryngeal mucus, among others. LPR is a disease with a negative impact on quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the additional contribution of non-pharmacological measures simultaneous to drug treatment in the symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux. Method: This is a randomized clinical study, performed at the Unifesp - Escola Paulista de Medicina, in the Laryngology and Voice Ambulatory, which is part of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. The sample consisted of 32 patients, divided by lot in two groups, A and B, and both groups underwent pharmacological treatment. Only group A performed simultaneous treatment with the behavioral measures. The treatment lasted for 90 days, divided into three visits, the first one for the diagnosis through videolaryngoscopy and application of the scale of symptoms, the second to reinforce the adherence to the treatment, and the third to finish the study, with a new scale application of symptoms. For diagnosis of the patients, two otorhinolaryngologists, who filled out the Reflux Finding Score (RFS) scale, analyzed the videolaryngoscopy images. The reliability analysis of the total score of the RFS (signal scale) was done with the total sample, using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). To assess the additional contribution of pharmacological measures concurrent to drug treatment in RLF symptoms, the groups A (medication + orientation) and B (medication) were compared in the initial moment in relation to age and signs and symptoms; after 15 days in relation to the adhesion and, after three months, in relation to the improvement of the symptoms. For all statistical tests used in these comparisons, the level of significance was set at 5%. Results:The sample consisted of 62% female, 69% workers, mean age 49.3 years (26 to 83 years). According to the scale of signs observed in videolaryngoscopy for LPR diagnosis, the value of the intraclass correlation coefficient referring to the concordance of the total Reflux Finding Score - RFS, in the study performed by two observers with 32 subjects were 0.560 (95% IC: 0.267 – 0.758), indicating moderate / satisfactory reliability. According to the assessment at baseline, the groups were similar in age; total score scale (mean=9.8 and standard deviation=2.57) and total symptom scale score (mean=15.1 and standard deviation=8.84). The RLF diagnosis was considered positive when the IHR criterion was> = 13 and or RFS > = 7, the symptoms presented approximately 18/32 (56.3%) and the signs were positive in 27/32 (84.4%). Patients in both groups were similar about adherence to treatment: 93.8% of patients took the medication regularly, 84.4% did not feel discomfort with medication and 81.3% stated that they were easily able to perform behavioral measures. In the whole sample there was an improvement in the intensity of the symptoms (total score), from the pre-post treatment moment in the whole sample (p=0.001). The reduction of the total score scale was statistically significant in Group A (p=0.031) and in Group B (p=0.008). When analyzing in which of the groups the patients improved, no statistically significant difference was found (p=0.659). Conclusion: There was similar improvement in symptoms in the two groups of patients, those receiving exclusive pharmacological treatment and those receiving concomitant non-pharmacological guidance, however, no additional impact of behavioral measures was observed in this group of patients with symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux.
  • Imagem de Miniatura
    Item
    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Saúde e bem-estar na escola pública: a perspectiva de estudantes do ensino médio
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-06-26) Maiotti, Álvaro de Souza [UNIFESP]; Cardoso, Thiago da Silva Gusmão [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3278338196915403; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1296881148084266
    The aim of this dissertation was to develop an questionnaire to evaluate the health promotion and well-being of school environments from the perspective of high school students, based on the pillars of the Health Promoting Schools initiative, authored by the World Health Organization (WHO). The items of the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Health Promotion and Well-Being at School were organized into three axes: Axis 1 - Education for Health; Axis 2 - Healthy environments and environments; Axis 3 - Cooperation between school and health services. The questions were constructed according to the five-point inverted Likert-type scale model, with the response options arranged in the following order: I totally agree; partially agree; I do not agree nor disagree; partially disagree; I totally disagree. As additional instruments, the research also applied a socio-contextual questionnaire and the Subjective Well-Being Scale. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques, such as mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage. Correlations between quantitative variables were also analyzed using Pearson's correlation test. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS®) software was used for the analysis, with a significance level of 0.05. The school, target of the research, presented satisfactory results in axes 1 and 2 of the questionnaire, which is equivalent to saying that health education topics have been addressed by teachers and that the school has healthy environments from a physical-structural point of view and psychosocial. The results of axis 3 indicated the need to expand and strengthen intersectoral cooperation between schools and public health services. The correlation observed between the scores of the EBES and QAPSBE subscales indicated that, when considering the school as a health promoting space, the participants feel well-being at the individual level.
  • Imagem de Miniatura
    Item
    Embargo
    Usabilidade de aplicativos móveis direcionados para manutenção do comportamento saudável em pacientes com síndrome coronariana crônica
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2024-10-02) Silva, Gabriela Aparecida Andrade [UNIFESP]; Lopes, Juliana Lima [UNIFESP]; Silva, Taís Lins Severo [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5237714400666571; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1478157388713375; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199835886588119
    Introdução. A prevenção secundária da síndrome coronariana crônica (SCC) é essencial para diminuir a frequência de readmissões hospitalares e reduzir os custos associados. Diversos recursos educacionais e tecnologias são aplicados para esse fim, sendo os aplicativos móveis uma dessas abordagens. Objetivo. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a usabilidade de aplicativos móveis voltados para a manutenção de hábitos saudáveis em pacientes com SCC. Método. Este estudo foi conduzido em duas fases. Na primeira, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura para identificar a eficácia dos aplicativos móveis na promoção de comportamentos saudáveis em pacientes com SCC. Na segunda fase, foram analisados os 12 aplicativos mais bem avaliados na Google Play®, utilizando a escala System Usability Scale (SUS). Seis pacientes com SCC, atendidos em um hospital público de São Paulo, testaram e avaliaram os aplicativos. A coleta de dados foi realizada após a aprovação do estudo pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: A revisão da literatura revelou que nove (82%) dos estudos indicaram que os aplicativos móveis são eficazes para a manutenção de comportamentos saudáveis em pacientes com SCC. Apenas um dos aplicativos obteve uma avaliação de usabilidade mediana, enquanto os demais foram classificados como bons, excelentes ou de usabilidade excepcional. Conclusão. Aplicativos mais complexos, que exigem maior inserção de dados ou apresentam diversas funcionalidades, foram os que obtiveram as piores avaliações. Em contrapartida, aqueles que ofereciam uma interface mais simples, de fácil navegação, sem a necessidade da inclusão de muita informação foram os mais bem avaliados pelos pacientes.