Navegando por Palavras-chave "Field test"

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    Avaliação das respostas fisiológicas e da aplicabilidade do Incremental Shuttle Walk Test em pacientes com a Síndrome Pós-Covid tardia
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2024-07-04) Santos, Isabelle Xavier dos [UNIFESP]; Vidotto, Milena Carlos [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0334734747375995; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600347025472648; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introdução: A Síndrome Pós-COVID caracterizada por uma variedade de sintomas persistentes após a infecção aguda pelo coronavírus, representa um desafio significativo para a saúde pública. Muitos pacientes relatam fadiga, dispneia e diminuição da capacidade funcional, afetando sua qualidade de vida. O Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT) é um teste de caminhada amplamente utilizado na avaliação de pacientes com doenças cardíacas ou pulmonares, capaz de proporcionar um estresse cardiorrespiratório padronizado para todos os indivíduos, possibilitando a detecção de sinais importantes que afetam a tolerância ao exercício físico. Objetivo: Investigamos as respostas fisiológicas e a aplicabilidade do Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT) em pacientes que apresentaram a Síndrome Pós-COVID. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal envolvendo pacientes recrutados em um ambulatório especializado, com idade superior a 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, que apresentaram diagnóstico da Síndrome Pós-COVID. Durante a avaliação inicial, foram coletadas informações sobre dados antropométricos, comorbidades e histórico da COVID-19. Após isso, os participantes foram submetidos ao ISWT. Foram registradas antes e após o teste as variáveis fisiológicas, como frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial (PA), saturação de oxigênio e a percepção subjetiva de esforço em relação à dispneia e fadiga muscular, utilizando a Escala de Borg. Resultados: Dezesseis indivíduos foram avaliados. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 61,4 anos, com 75% do grupo sendo homens (n=12). A maioria dos participantes relatou ser praticante de atividade física (81,2%). A distância média percorrida no Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWTD) foi de 54% do previsto, enquanto a FC máxima alcançada foi em média 71,2% da FC prevista. Não houve interrupção voluntária do teste por parte dos participantes; todos os testes foram finalizados com base no critério de resposta à carga cardiorrespiratória imposta pelos padrões dos ritmos sonoros utilizados. Conclusão: O Incremental Shuttle Walk Test mostrou-se uma ferramenta promissora para a avaliação da capacidade funcional em pacientes com Síndrome Pós-COVID. Seus resultados podem auxiliar na estratificação de risco, no planejamento de intervenções e no monitoramento da progressão da doença nessa população. Futuras pesquisas são necessárias para validar esses achados e explorar ainda mais o papel do ISWT na gestão da Síndrome Pós-COVID.
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    Denatured ethanol release into gasoline residuals, Part 2: Fate and transport
    (Elsevier B.V., 2013-05-01) Freitas, Juliana G. [UNIFESP]; Barker, James F.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Waterloo
    When denatured ethanol (E95) is spilled in a site with previous gasoline contamination, it modifies the source distribution (Part 1). But it can also impact the transport and fate of hydrocarbons in the groundwater. Ethanol could cause an increase in dissolved concentrations and more persistent plumes due to cosolvency and decreased hydrocarbon biodegradation rates. To investigate these possibilities, two controlled releases were performed: first of E10 (gasoline with 10% ethanol) and one year later of E95 on top of the gasoline. Groundwater concentrations were monitored above and below the water table in multilevel wells. Soil cores and vapor samples were also collected over a period of approximately 400 days. Surprisingly, ethanol transport was very limited; at wells located 23 m downgradient from the mid-point of the release trench, the maximum concentration measured was around 2400 mg/L. After 392 days, only 3% of the ethanol released migrated past 23 m, and no ethanol remained in the source. the processes that caused ethanol loss were likely volatilization, aerobic biodegradation in the unsaturated zone, and anaerobic biodegradation. Evidence that biodegradation was significant in the source zone includes increased CO2 concentrations in the vapor and the presence of biodegradation products (acetate concentrations up to 2300 mg/L). the position of the dissolved hydrocarbon plumes was slightly shifted, but the concentrations and mass flux remained within the same range as before the spill, indicating that cosolvency was not significant. Hydrocarbons in the groundwater were significantly biodegraded, with more than 63% of the mass being removed in 7.5 m, even when ethanol was present in the groundwater. the impacts of ethanol on the hydrocarbon transport and fate were minimal, largely due to the separation of ethanol and hydrocarbons in the source (Part 1). (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Denatured ethanol, release into gasoline residuals, Part 1: Source behaviour
    (Elsevier B.V., 2013-05-01) Freitas, Juliana G. [UNIFESP]; Barker, James F.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Waterloo
    With the increasing use of ethanol in fuels, it is important to evaluate its fate when released into the environment. While ethanol is less toxic than other organic compounds present in fuels, one of the concerns is the impact ethanol might have on the fate of gasoline hydrocarbons in groundwater. One possible concern is the spill of denatured ethanol (E95: ethanol containing 5% denaturants, usually hydrocarbons) in sites with pre-existing gasoline contamination. in that scenario, ethanol is expected to increase the mobility of the NAPL phase by acting as a cosolvent and decreasing interfacial tension. To evaluate the E95 behaviour and its impacts on pre-existing gasoline, a field test was performed at the CFB-Borden aquifer. Initially gasoline contamination was created releasing 200 L of E10 (gasoline with 10% ethanol) into the unsaturated zone. One year later, 184 L of E95 was released on top of the gasoline contamination. the site was monitored using soil cores, multilevel wells and one glass access tube. At the end of the test, the source zone was excavated and the compounds remaining were quantified. E95 ethanol accumulated and remained within the capillary fringe and unsaturated zone for more than 200 days, despite similar to 1 m oscillations in the water table. the gasoline mobility increased and it was redistributed in the source zone. Gasoline NAPL saturations in the soil increased two fold in the source zone. However, water table oscillations caused a separation between the NAPL and ethanol: NAPL was smeared and remained in deeper positions while ethanol moved upwards following the water table rise. Similarly, the E95 denaturants that initially were within the ethanol-rich phase became separated from ethanol after the water table oscillation, remaining below the ethanol rich zone. the separation between ethanol and hydrocarbons in the source after water table oscillation indicates that ethanol's impact on hydrocarbon residuals is likely limited to early times. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    A symptom-limited incremental step test determines maximum physiological responses in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    (W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2013-12-01) Dal Corso, Simone [UNIFESP]; Camargo, Anderson Alves de; Izbicki, Meyer [UNIFESP]; Malaguti, Carla [UNIFESP]; Nery, Luiz Eduardo [UNIFESP]; Univ Nove Julho UNINOVE; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Fed Juiz de Fora
    Background: Step tests have been used to evaluate exercise tolerance and effort-related hypoxemia in different diseases. A symptom-limited incremental step test (IST) has never been tested in COPD patients.Aim: To compare maximal physiological responses between an IST and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), to test the reproducibility of the IST on different days, and to provide a predict equation to estimate VO2 from the IST in patients with COPD.Material and methods: At the same day, thirty-four patients (VEF1 46 +/- 14% of pred) underwent a CPET on cycle ergometer and the first 151 (IST-1) (1 h apart). After 2-5 days, patients repeated the IST (IST-2). Pulmonary gas exchange was measured during all tests.Results: Peak VO2 was significantly higher in IST-1 and IST-2 than in CEPT (Mean +/- SD: 1.19 +/- 0.39 L, 1.20 +/- 0.40 L, 1.07 +/- 0.35 L) with no difference for ventilation (VE), heart rate (HR), and perception of effort. ISTs were highly reproducible, with significant intraclass correlation coefficient (CCI [95% confidence interval]) for number of steps (0.98[0.95-0.99]), VO2 (0.99 [0.98-0.99]), VE (0.97[0.93-0.99]), HR (0.92[0.81-0.97]), and SpO(2) (0.96[0.90-0.98]). Desaturation was significantly higher for IST-1 and IST-2 compared with cycling (Mean +/- SD: -6 +/- 5%, -6 +/- 4%, - 3 +/- 3%). Number of steps and patient weight explained 81% of the variance in peak VO2 (p < 0.001).Conclusion: A symptom-limited incremental step test, externally paced, elicits maximal cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses, and is well tolerated and reproducible in patients with COPD. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.