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    Concentrações sanguíneas de zinco em lactentes prematuros e nascidos à termo
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2021) Silva, Talita Rodrigues Azevedo E [UNIFESP]; Souza, Fabiola Isabel Suano De [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
    Introduction: In Brazil, about 11% of births are premature. Advances in neonatal care have increased survival, especially for moderate (<34 weeks) and very low birth weight preterm infants. Growth deficiency and micronutrient deficiency after hospital discharge are frequent situations in this specific group. Objective: To compare serum and erythrocyte zinc concentrations in infants born prematurely and at term during the period of complementary feeding, and to relate, in both groups, zinc concentrations with birth weight, gestational age, dietary history, dietary intake and current nutritional condition. Method: Cross-sectional study with 43 infants born prematurely (preterm group; 24 and 34 weeks), aged 9 to 24 months, compared with 47 healthy infants born at term (term group). Data collected: socioeconomic status and maternal health during pregnancy, anthropometry (weight, length and cranial circumference), background and food survey through the 24-hour recall. Laboratory tests: blood count, serum and erythrocyte concentrations of zinc and C-reactive protein. Results: In the preterm group, there was a lower percentage of breastfeeding infants (18,6% vs 53,2%; p = 0,001) and age of introduction of complementary feeding later [7,0 months (6,3; 8,0) vs 6,0 months (5.0; 6.0); p <0,001]. Serum zinc concentrations < 65 μg/dL and anemia were observed in 4 (5,1%) and 4 (5,3%) of the evaluated infants. There was no difference between the preterm and term groups in the mean serum zinc concentrations (94,0±23,4 μg/dL vs 90,3±18,0 μg/dL; p = 0,450) and erythrocyte (119,4±23,8 μg/gHb vs 112,7±23,1 μg/gHb; p = 0,307). The variables that were independently associated with serum zinc concentrations were breastfeeding at the time of assessment (17,9 μg/dL; 95% CI 13,1 – 54,3; p <0,001), age of introduction of the first meal main (8,3 μg/dL; 95% CI 5,3 – 11,4; p <0,001) and height/age z score (3,0 μg/dL; 95% CI 0,11 – 5,8; p = 0,042). Conclusions: The findings of this study showed no difference between the groups of infants born prematurely and at term in terms of nutritional status related to zinc in the period of complementary feeding. Zinc concentrations were influenced by breastfeeding at the time of collection and age at which complementary food was introduced.