Navegando por Palavras-chave "Gênero e Saúde"

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    Análise do conteúdo de propagandas de medicamentos psicoativos
    (Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 2008-10-01) Mastroianni, Patrícia de Carvalho [UNIFESP]; Vaz, Amanda Cristina Rosim; Noto, Ana Regina [UNIFESP]; Galduróz, José Carlos Fernandes [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    The goal of this study was to describe the human figures portrayed in psychoactive drug advertising in terms of gender, age, ethnic group, and social context. Content analysis for 86 new pieces of printed advertisements released in 2005 was carried out. Fisher exact test was used to analyze the association between categories. There was a preponderance of women (62.8%) who were four times more present in advertisements for antidepressants and anxyolitics than men. Most of the people shown were Caucasian (98.8%) young adults (72%). These people were pictured in leisure activities (46.5%), at home (29%), or in contact with nature (16.2%). The message conveyed was that the drugs treat routinely felt subjective symptoms of discomfort, inducing in an irrational appeal that may affect drug prescription.
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    Análise multinível das variações no índice de massa corporal entre adultos, Brasil, 2006
    (Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 2009-11-01) Sichieri, Rosely; Moura, Erly Catarina de [UNIFESP]; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Departamento de Epidemiologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Ministério da Saúde Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde Coordenação Geral de Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis
    OBJECTIVE: To analyze the variation in body mass index (BMI) among adults according to individual factors and environmental characteristics of their city of residence. METHODS: Data generated in 2006 by the Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL - Telephone-based Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases) system. This survey is based on telephone interviews carried out among probabilistic samples of the population of adults aged >18 years from the 26 Brazilian state capitals and Federal District. Analysis of associated factors included individual socioeconomic and demographic variables and environmental variables pertaining to the city of residence of the 49,395 VIGITEL subjects. Food intake was evaluated based on a healthy diet score and on five-a-day fruit and vegetable intake. Physical activity was evaluated based on frequency and duration of exercise and presence of a place in which to perform physical activity. Associations were tested using multilevel linear models (p<0.05). RESULTS: Associations between BMI and individual explanatory variables differed according to sex. Schooling was positively associated with BMI among men, and negatively among women. Five-a-day fruit and vegetable intake was positively associated with BMI among men. In both sexes, presence of a place for physical activity was negatively associated with BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Mean BMI differed substantially among Brazilian capitals; however little of this variation could be explained by presence of a place for physical activity or by socioeconomic and diet-related variables.
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    Associação entre raça/cor, características sociodemográficas e contenção mecânica em Unidades Hospitalares de Psiquiatria: estudo transversal
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-10-25) Yoshida, Jéssica Akemy [UNIFESP]; Honorato, Tabata Galindo [UNIFESP]; Domingos, Thiago da Silva [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2184168438993433; lattes.cnpq.br/1331252434870580; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2535219984402419
    Introdução: São muitos os motivos que podem levar as pessoas a uma emergência psiquiátrica (EP), e é importante que o profissional da saúde saiba realizar a avaliação inicial do paciente de maneira detalhada, a fim de determinar as melhores condutas frente a cada contexto. Sabe-se que, apesar das especificidades de cada cenário, a conduta do profissional deve seguir diretrizes técnicas, sendo que a escolha pela contenção mecânica deve ser realizada como último recurso durante o manejo de uma EP. Nesse sentido, a decisão pela contenção mecânica carrega uma grande responsabilidade, visto que a prática, se utilizada de forma inadequada, pode trazer mais malefícios do que benefícios para o paciente. O estudo a seguir tem como objetivo identificar as associações das características sociodemográficas e clínicas de indivíduos submetidos à conteção mecânica no contexto de unidades hospitalares de psiquiatria, verificando se as características como raça/cor, idade, sexo e condições socioeconômicas podem interferir na escolha do uso da contenção mecânica pelo profissional de saúde responsável, avaliando a possibilidade de tratamento desigual entre os indivíduos. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal, retrospectivo e correlacional. Foi realizado em unidades de internação psiquiátrica de um serviço especializado em saúde mental do município de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi realizada pela análise de prontuários, pelo uso de um instrumento desenvolvido pela autora para o levantamento de variáveis dependentes (contenção mecânica) e independentes (características sociodemográficas e clínicas). Conclusão: não foi possível concluir que há um tratamento desigual em relação às características sociodemográficas e raça/cor no contexto da contenção mecânica. Assim, foi evidenciada a necessidade de mais pesquisas que considerem as barreiras relacionadas aos trabalhos ligados às desigualdades sociais em saúde segundo o domínio raça/cor, sendo necessário aumentar a investigação dos seus aspectos técnicos, teóricos conceituais e discussões sobre desigualdades raciais e racismo.
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    Desterritorialização da Carne: cartografias das emoções que efetuam corpos travestis no centro de São Paulo
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019) Moraes, Daniel Filipe [UNIFESP]; Pereira, Pedro Paulo Gomes [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    This dissertation describes the experience that began starting at the encounter with travestis and trans women in street situation. I was hired as a psychologist at “Casa Florescer”, an equipment dedicated to shelter this population. The main objective is to cartography the affections that are produced during these encounters and how they make the body escape from the rigid lines that conserve genders. The method of this cartography has allowed me to trace lines to create a map that followed the invented subjectivity movements in the encounters. As a way to give visibility to narratives, speeches, meanings and significances lived, I interviewed two contributors. How can the emotion move the body in order to create expression channels into matter? What other bodies are these? In which ways do they embody into matter? The body inhabits the unlocatable and whets its sensibility coming from a self-factor of a(ffe)ctivation. The potency of affecting and being affected produces repulse and attraction movements, in which these bodies experiment positions and sounds that give these affections channel to embody a material expression. Emotion has a strict bond with the group (motus) motion – mobility. E-movere means to put into motion, to expropriate itself. It comprehends, then, emotion, not as passiveness, but as differentiation movement, that connects with the planes of affective forces. Evellyn manifests this differentiation movement in the encounter of bodies, she didn’t hormone herself, nor did she have any silicone prosthesis and not even wear clothes that society describes as feminine. The encounters with Evellyn took me to another experimentation field, eyes didn’t matter much other than her qualities of irradiation and of forces that composed with mine, constructing a plane of immanence to embody new corporealities. At a certain evening at the “CineClube 7 Cores” I met Lívia. She would experiment herself with wigs and dresses, in which all that made her vibrate, her eyes sparkled at the same time her gender was embodying in her flesh. Thaís elaborates over a body that doesn’t enclose itself in the flesh, for it flows out with her gesture reflections, making her escape from the social intelligibilities. She comprehends from her emotions that she was always a woman, so she takes her body as screen to embody these motions. Samanta, with all her colors and rhythmic vibrations, created fluctuations in the density of the atmosphere, transporting me out of my own self. She was spread out everywhere at the shelter, I could feel her body slipping in between the paintings, leaving traces of what past through. Her woven produced other inaudible bodies. It’s the subtlety of deviations that produces new bodies in dialog. A channel of intelligibility for other genders is performed in the emotion that engenders a plane of immanence to be materialized, moves the proper body towards other corporealities, sensibilities and experimentations.
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    Gender norms among "Landless" youth: evidence for the social practice of nursing
    (Univ Sao Paolo, 2017) Zanatta, Luiz Fabiano [UNIFESP]; Tereza Ruiz-Cantero, Maria; Chilet-Rossel, Elisa; Alvarez-Dardet, Carlos; da Silva Bretas, Jose Roberto [UNIFESP]
    Objective: Analyzing the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of youth from the Landless Rural Workers' Movement in Brazil (MST) regarding the prevalence ratio being in accordance with gender norms. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted during a Journey of Agroecology carried out in the State of Parana with young people (15 to 29 years) of both genders. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires. Data analysis compared variables regarding gender norms with sociodemographic variables, and a Prevalence Ratio (PR) was calculated with a confidence interval (CI) set at 95% in order to determine this relationship. Results: The study sample was comprised of 147 young people. A higher prevalence was found in accordance with gender norms (PR with CI at 95%) among women compared to men, and that sociodemographic characteristics (lower education level, those living in occupation camps, who do not have white skin and with religious belief) were social indicators for such positioning among both genders. Conclusion: The by product of a patriarchal gender system has led more young girls to internalization and a reaffirmation of gender norms, highlighting an important field for social nursing practices in order to contribute to the transformation of this reality.
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    Mudaram as estacoes... nada mudou
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011) Signorelli, Marcos Claudio [UNIFESP]
    A presente tese empreendeu conhecer e analisar um pouco das relacoes que se estabelecem entre profissionais de Saúde de Matinhos, litoral paranaense, e mulheres vitimas de violencia domestica.A violencia domestica provoca multiplas repercussoes na Saúde das mulheres e gera desafiadora agenda para profissionais de Saúde. Para atingir o objetivo, que consistiu em analisar como profissionais de Saúde atendem mulheres vitimas de violencia domestica no ambito da atencao primaria a Saúde, foi adotada pesquisa qualitativa e aproximacao etnografica com profissionais que atuam em uma Unidade Basica de Saúde do municipio. Os aspectos empiricos oriundos do campo foram cotejados com aportes teoricos das areas de estudos de genero, de violencia e da arena da Saúde coletiva. Realcou-se densa e tensa tessitura de negociacoes, imbricadas por relacoes hierarquicas e de poderes entre profissionais, mulheres, familias, comunidade e sistema de Saúde, assim como a influencia sazonal na dinamica local.A sazonalidade reverbera no estilo de vida da populacao e nos modos de estabelecimento de relacoes, marcadas por encontros e desencontros entre profissionais de Saúde e mulheres. Tambem foi observada ausencia de estrutura local oficial para manejo da problematica,que enseja outros modos de atuacao e de estabelecimento das relacoes, como a abordagem de acolhimento em Saúde, muito em voga em discursos da area de Saúde coletiva, mas pouco problematizada. Por fim, destacou-se o papel chave de profissionais de Saúde, em especial de agentes comunitarias/os de Saúde, na conducao de questoes relativas as mulheres vitimas de violencia domestica que aportam no sistema. Em sintese, a consolidacao deste estudo permitiu alem de levantar indagacoes sobre os modos com que se operam relacoes entre profissionais e mulheres, tambem evidenciou a importancia de estudos sobre a tematica com focos em panoramas regionais, que levem em conta as particularidades que compoem o diverso mosaico do cenario brasileiro
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    Necessidades de saúde e masculinidades: atenção primária no cuidado aos homens
    (Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 2010-05-01) Schraiber, Lilia Blima; Figueiredo, Wagner dos Santos; Gomes, Romeu; Couto, Márcia Thereza [UNIFESP]; Pinheiro, Thiago Félix; Machin, Rosana [UNIFESP]; Silva, Geórgia Sibele Nogueira da; Valença, Otávio; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Instituto Fernandes Figueira; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Departamento de Psicologia
    This study deals with the relations between masculinities and health care, approaching the recognition of health needs among male users of primary health care and the responses by the services. The study is part of a larger research project in four Brazilian States, with a convenience sample of eight health services. Ethnographic observation was compared with semi-structured interviews with 182 health care users from 15 to 65 years of age and 72 health professionals. Thematic analysis of the ethnographic records and interviews was based on gender references and studies on health work. The findings show how medicalization of health needs affects users, professionals, and services, disguising issues related to masculinity. Primary care focuses mainly on women, thereby reproducing gender inequalities in health services operations and professional performance, with women receiving disciplined care and men receiving insufficient attention and care.
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    Professor homem na educação infantil: a construção de uma identidade
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2012-09-03) Pereira, Maria Artete Bastos [UNIFESP]; Vitalle, Maria Sylvia de Souza [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    In this study, the central debate is to understand the construction of the identity of a male teacher in children education, in this women universe; from the perspective of gender as an analytical category, in the exercise of their profession teaching in municipal nurseries, pre-schools and schools of the city of Guarulhos. When analyzing the context of teaching in the early years of schooling of boys and girls, the number of women are significantly higher than men, and that is no different in the school system in the city of Guarulhos, including nurseries and pre-school, whereas in the early grades of elementary school (first cycle), there is a higher prevalence of teacher man in. The Early Childhood Education, although it has more than a century of history as an extra care and education, only recently has been recognized as the children rights, families, and the duty of the Government and as the first stage of basic education, then we can infer the smaller number of men at this level of education, since its conception be more focused on care - having the body of boys and girls in the center of the debate, than to educate, as if it were possible to separate from each other, since they are inseparable actions. However, when choosing a Primary school as a way of working with children, men were excluded from this rule? To attempt to answer this question, taken as theoretical studies of gender relations, understanding it as a social behavior that affects the construction of identities present in the specific institutional space to be studied: the school. Was sought through the experience of five men teachers to know their careers as teachers in this lifetime. On the analysis of the interviews it was found that the identity of the male teacher is under construction, considering the complexity of the changes in Childhood Education that affect everyone and all the professionals who work with this level of education and therefore the male teachers. Considering gender relations, as social constructions for the sexual differences between men and women, the results show that although there are changes in the subjectivities of male teachers in this study, because of the relationships with children and professional women, where "masculine" and "feminine" intersect, on the other hand, on these same interactions, it is clear that it was not possible to break completely with the hegemonic masculinity that remains and is reflected mainly in binarisms - masculine and feminine - present and entrenched "in themselves" as many of them made explicit during the interviews, and which are reflected in daily practices, since they are cultural and historical.
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    Violência doméstica contra mulheres e a atuação profissional na atenção primária à saúde: um estudo etnográfico em Matinhos, Paraná, Brasil
    (Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 2013-06-01) Signorelli, Marcos Claudio; Auad, Daniela [UNIFESP]; Pereira, Pedro Paulo Gomes [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Domestic violence has multiple repercussions on women's health and raises a challenging agenda for health professionals in Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). The aim of this study was to analyze how health professionals treat these women, problematizing the notion of acolhimento (receptiveness or openness to patients). A qualitative ethnographic research approach was used with health professionals from a primary care unit (PHU) in Matinhos, Paraná State, Brazil. The study revealed care that was focused on: (1) biologizing principles, with a focus on physical lesions and medicalization and (2) dialogue, active listening, psychosocial questions, and establishment of ties, especially featuring community health agents in this approach. The limited official local structure for handling domestic violence justifies treatment oriented by the grammar of acolhimento, recommended by the SUS, described in the literature, and verbalized in the PHU, but rarely problematized. This article thus proposed to contribute to this debate, not by establishing prescriptions for action, but by raising questions and mainly highlighting and translating the voices of those who deal with this challenge on a daily basis.
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    Violência e saúde: contribuições teóricas, metodológicas e éticas de estudos da violência contra a mulher
    (Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 2009-01-01) Schraiber, Lilia Blima; D' Oliveira, Ana Flávia Pires Lucas; Couto, Márcia Thereza [UNIFESP]; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    This article discusses theoretical, methodological, and ethical aspects pertaining to violence against women as both a form of gender violence and a public health issue. The text provides epistemological reflections based on daily research experience with qualitative and quantitative, population-based, and service-user studies that address both women and men. Violence is defined as a complex and sensitive theme of a medical and social nature in terms of its theoretical-methodological approach, pointing to interdisciplinarity as the reference for its construction as an object of health. The article discusses the difficulties in linking the various sciences, methodologies, and theoretical perspectives. It also highlights the special dynamic between visible and invisible violence, with implications for research design, particularly for demarcating the object of study, a relevant issue given the technological needs of health intervention. These specificities of violence raise further ethical issues for the production of knowledge, and there is a need for special care as part of methodological quality in the research. Research ethics is also responsible for the scientificity of the resulting data. Situations stemming from specific studies are used to illustrate the article's commentary.