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- ItemSomente MetadadadosAnálise do gasto energético com o exercício e estimativa da energia disponível de atletas paralímpicos de atletismo(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016-08-16) Joaquim, Daniel Paduan [UNIFESP]; Winckler, Ciro [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2067947156482139; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)There is a gap in the knowledge about the exercise energy expenditure (GEex) and the energy needs of athletes with disabilities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the GEex and the adequacy of the energy consumption through the evaluation of the Energy Availability (EA) of track & field Paralympic athletes. This study took place in two stages, following the calendar of the periodized evaluations of the High-Performance Program of the Brazilian Paralympic Committee. In the first stage, 23 athletes (15 men and 08 women) with visual impairment (VI, n=10), cerebral palsy (CP, n=4), limb deficiency (LD, n=3) and guides (GUIDE, n=6) had their GEex evaluated. Of the 23 athletes participating in the first stage, only 16 athletes of the VI and GUIDE groups (10 men and 6 women) were assessed in the second stage with the aim to identify the adequacy of energy consumption through the evaluation of EA. The assessment of body composition was performed using the skinfold method. The analysis of the food intake was carried out through a 4-day food photographic record. Dietary analysis was conducted using the software Avanutri® version 4.0. A multidirectional accelerometer Actical® version 3.10. Respironics, Inc. (USA), fixed to the body throughout their sports activities by an elastic tape on the hip, was used to monitor movements by means of acceleration, which allowed the estimation of the GEex. Statistical processing was performed using the SPSS version 20.0 software. The descriptive analysis results are presented as median, standard error and confidence interval. The Wilcoxon test (p=0.05) was used to identify differences between women and men for each functional class. The Friedman test (p=0.05) was used to identify differences between the groups? medians of each variable, as well as to verify the difference between days. In the first stage, the results demonstrate that the consumption of energy in kcal/kg/day was below the recommendation for sprinters to all groups evaluated. The carbohydrate intake (g/kg) and lipids (% of VET) is in accordance with the recommendation. Daily protein intake (g/kg) was higher than recommended for all groups. The GEex was of 135 (14.6) kcal/hour, 5.3 MET; 102 (9.3) kcal/hour, 4.9 MET; 83 (11) kcal/hour, 5.9 MET and 97 (8.3) kcal/hour, 4.5 MET for GUIDE, VI, LD and CP, respectively. In the second stage of the study, EA values for both groups ranged from 23.7 to 48.7 kcal/kg/MLG/day, classified as being adequate for 56.3% of the athletes evaluated, being considered as adequate values higher than 30 kcal/kgMLG/day. However, VI group?s EA was higher than that of the GUIDE group (p=0.03). Three athletes of the GUIDE group presented an EA below 30kcal/kgMLG/day. Only in the VI group, two athletes had EA values above 45 kcal/kgMLG/day.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Aspectos nutricionais no surfe: energia disponível e qualidade da dieta(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2021-09-02) Pegorin, Gabriella Rocha [UNIFESP]; Juzwiak, Claudia Ridel [UNIFESP]; Dourado, Victor Zuniga [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1919368500743497; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5232412496774556; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2927132605949292; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Há poucos estudos sobre as demandas nutricionais no surfe. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar a frequência de baixa energia disponível (BED) em surfistas, avaliar a qualidade da dieta e identificar o gasto energético com exercício (GEEx) no surfe. Trata-se de um estudo transversal prospectivo, no qual foram avaliados 16 surfistas, sendo 5 amadores e 11 profissionais, 13 homens e 3 mulheres, entre 18 e 40 anos de idade. Para a estimativa da BED realizou-se o cálculo da Energia Disponível (ED), que avalia se a energia ingerida (EI kcal) supre a demanda metabólica remanescente após o gasto de energia com o exercício (GEEx kcal) ser considerado e ajustada à massa livre de gordura (MLG kg). EI, GEEx e MLG, componentes para o cálculo da ED, foram obtidos através do preenchimento de registros alimentares de 3 dias, do relógio multiesportivo Polar V800® e do sensor de frequência cardíaca Polar OH1® e a partir da aferição das dobras cutâneas, respectivamente. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada através do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado (IQD-R). Os resultados indicaram que entre os surfistas avaliados, 14 apresentaram BED, sendo a média de ED observada de 21,9 (DP=5,4) kcal/kgMLG, sem diferença segundo sexo (p=0,439) ou nível competitivo (p= 0,510). A média de GEEx de sessão de surfe foi de 5.9 (DP=1,5) e 7 (DP=1,7) unidades de equivalente metabólico (METs) para surfistas profissionais e amadores, respectivamente, sem diferença (p=0,555). A pontuação média do IQD-R foi de 63,9 (DP=14,2), indicando que a maioria dos surfistas (n=11) apresentou dieta com necessidade de modificação para que seja alcançada uma dieta saudável. Conclui-se que surfistas apresentam GEEx elevado e baixa EI, que podem ter contribuído para a elevada frequência de BED. Além disso, devem fazer a modificação da dieta com finalidade de melhorar a qualidade dos alimentos consumidos. Sugere-se que nutricionistas e técnicos que atuam com surfistas estejam alertas para as demandas do esporte e promovam educação alimentar e nutricional com intuito de prevenir a BED e melhorar a qualidade da dieta.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Avaliação do Gasto Energético em Indivíduos com Síndrome Pós- Poliomielite (SPP): Através do Questionário de Atividade Física Habitual de Baecke(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009-09-30) Pereira, Roberto Dias Batista [UNIFESP]; Silva, Helga Cristina Almeida da [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS) is a late effect of polio, being classified as motor neuropathy, because of the clinical and histological features are closely related to dysfunction of lower motor neurons. New symptoms or worsening of residual symptoms, especially the new weakness, muscle fatigue, new atrophy, muscle pain, joint pain and intolerance to cold, develop 30 to 50 years after acute poliomyelitis. The causes of these new symptoms remain unknown, however, seem to be related to a dysfunction of the motor unit by axonal damage and peripheral neuromuscular junction. Among the various causes, the most accepted is the "overuse" (overload or supertraining). There is no consensus on the implementation of physical activity or inactivity on the appearance of new symptoms. Therefore, this work will contribute to the knowledge of the profile of energy expenditure in individuals with a history of prior paralytic polio, presenting or not symptoms of PPS, and assessed the history of their Habitual Physical Activity (HPA) for the Baecke questionnaire. Of the 410 patients enrolled in the Sector of Investigation of Neuromuscular Diseases, UNIFESP / EPM, 28 patients with poliomyelitis sequelae (PS), 52 with PPS and other 36 individuals as part of the control group (CG), totaling 116 individuals assessed, were selected for this study. Patients with PPS in their history had tended to increase their HPA between 10 to 20 years of age (AV1), compared to the sequelae of polio and the control group. Already in the period of 21 to 30 years (AV2) there was a significant increase in their Occupational Physical Activity (OPA) in relation to the PS group (PS=2500 and PPS=3000, Kruskal-Wallis test, p <0.035), and the OPA-AV2 showed correlation with age of onset of PPS (Pearson, r = - 0.2796, p <0.0447). Increased presence of fatigue (PPS=92.3%, PS=42.9% and CG=7% - Kruskal- Wallis test, p <0.0001), lower quality of life (physical and psychological domains, Anova Test , p <0.0001; Environment domain, Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.0312) and lowest total score (TS) of HPA (TS: PPS=9625; PS=11130 and CG= 11000, test of Kruskal-Wallis , p <0.0001) of the PPS group for the other, shows their current state of the disease. It was noted that the presence or absence of fatigue did not influence the appearance of the PPS. There was increase in Body Mass Índex (BMI) in the population with PPS and PS in the categories of appropriate and overweight (p=0.0165, chi-square test), which is an aggravating factor for them. This work concluded that patients with PPS have a nosological entity with its own characteristics, such as: history of higher energy expenditure during the life, especially in occupational physical activity, from 21 to 30 years of age, suggesting that the critical decade for the development of this disease; presence of the differential current clinical status in relation to polio sequelae (PS) and Control (CG) groups, with a higher frequency of fatigue, lower scores on HPA and, consequently, a poorer quality of life; increased tendency to overweight, which can be an aggravating factor for the development or intensification of these limitations, but it is not possible to identify whether it was the high BMI that decreased physical capacity for HPA, or if was the current clinical state that promoted an increase in BMI; the later the acute polio, worse functional recovery, lower potential for engagement in physical activities more intensive, higher risk of developing PPS. The development of SPP more frequent in patients with acute polio later indicates that the surviving motor unit reinnervation process presents (plasticity) more unstable, more vulnerable to processes that lead to aging or cellular or a degenerative process.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Caracterização da atividade física espontânea, flexilidade metabólica e homeostase glicêmica de camundongos durante o envelhecimento(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-12-10) Benfato, Izabelle Dias [UNIFESP]; Oliveira, Camila Aparecida Machado de [UNIFESP]; Carvalho, Carolina Prado de França [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7515875838702169; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4886067148875464; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3927755229507197; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)O Brasil caminha para um perfil demográfico cada vez mais envelhecido. O declínio no nível de atividade física que acompanha o processo de envelhecimento pode contribuir tanto para a alteração da composição corporal (redução da massa livre de gordura e aumento da massa de tecido adiposo) quanto para as doenças metabólicas, como o diabetes mellitus tipo 2, cuja prevalência aumenta com a idade. A atividade física espontânea (SPA), definida como movimentos corporais para a realização de atividades rotineiras (excetuando-se esportes e atividades de academia), é um importante componente do gasto energético, podendo representar mais de 50% da energia total diária gasta. Um dos sinalizadores mais importantes do status energético do corpo é o hormônio insulina, que ao agir no hipotálamo, tem como efeito reduzir a ingestão alimentar e parece aumentar a SPA. Dessa maneira, em função do potencial da insulina na regulação da atividade locomotora, o objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar se existe relação temporal entre alteração da sensibilidade à insulina (determinada través do teste de tolerância à insulina e da flexibilidade metabólica) e SPA em camundongos durante o processo de envelhecimento. Camundongos machos C57bl/6 (n=10) com 21 dias de idade foram alimentados com dieta padrão (AING-93G) por 10 meses. A SPA, o gasto energético e a flexibilidade metabólica foram avaliados no 1º, 4º, 8º e 10º mês. Utilizou-se um sistema à base de sensores infravermelhos (Harvard Apparatus) para analisar a SPA e, para o registro do gasto energético e da flexibilidade metabólica, foi utilizado um sistema de calorimetria indireta (Oxylet, Harvard Apparatus). Testes de tolerância à glicose (GTT –2 g de glicose/Kg) e à insulina (ITT –0.5 UI de insulina regular humana/Kg) intraperitoneal foram realizados no 4º e 8º mês. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados o teste t-student e ANOVA para medidas repetidas, com nível de significância pré-estabelecido de 5% (p<0,05). Houve um declínio significativo da SPA e do gasto energético à partir do 8º mês, coincidindo com a queda da sensibilidade a insulina avaliada pelo ITT. A flexibilidade metabólica, ao contrário do esperado, foi significativamente maior no 8º mês. O envelhecimento aumentou significativamente a área abaixo da curva (AUC) glicêmica durante o GTT, mostrando que os camundongos desenvolveram intolerância à glicose. Os resultados indicam que a sensibilidade à insulina determinada pelo ITT, mas não pela flexibilidade metabólica, é sensível ao processo de envelhecimento, e que a queda da sensibilidade à insulina parece estar envolvida na redução da SPA em camundongos em processo de envelhecimento.
- ItemEmbargoGasto energético da atividade física de pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009-04-29) Baria, Flavia [UNIFESP]; Cuppari, Lilian [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Background & aims: The energy expended for physical activity and its contribution to daily energy expenditure is unknown in chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to evaluate the active energy expenditure of hemodialysis patients and compare to that of healthy controls. Methods: Thirty-two patients undergoing hemodialysis (20 males, age 46.3±12.2) were studied. A subgroup of 22 patients was pair-matched by gender and age with healthy sedentary individuals. SenseWear Pro2 Armband measured the total and active energy expenditure. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance. Results: Active energy expenditure was significantly lower in dialysis day (24%) in relation to nondialysis day and both were lower in comparison to controls (53% dialysis day and 28% nondialysis day). The average contribution of the active energy expenditure to total energy expenditure in hemodialysis patients was 15% and in controls 24% (P=0.03). Active energy expenditure correlated positively with lean body mass, body cell mass, and negatively with age, body fat, and BMI. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the variables that best explained variations in active energy expenditure were age and lean body compartments. Conclusion: The energy expended for physical activity is reduced among hemodialysis patients in both dialysis and nondialysis days when compared to healthy sedentary controls.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Gasto energético de repouso em pacientes com doença renal crônica(Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, 2008-02-01) Kamimura, Maria Ayako [UNIFESP]; Avesani, Carla Maria [UNIFESP]; Draibe, Sergio Antonio [UNIFESP]; Cuppari, Lilian [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Knowledge of resting energy expenditure is of paramount importance for the determination of energy requirements and consequently for the establishment of energy recommendations of an individual. Elevated energy expenditure, if not supplied by enough food consumption, may contribute to malnutrition and higher risk of morbidity and mortality. In patients with chronic kidney disease, uremia per se and the dialysis treatment are frequently associated with several disturbances, such as metabolic acidosis, insulin resistance, secondary hyperparathyroidism and inflammation, that might in part contribute to the increase in resting energy expenditure. The present review aims to describe the studies on resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic kidney disease and the factors influencing energy expenditure in this population.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Histórico da atividade física habitual dos pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016-03-30) Pereira, Roberto Dias Batista [UNIFESP]; Oliveira, Acary Souza Bulle [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3911841387107665; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4044980759880943; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objective: To identify the historical profile of habitual physical activity in people with Motor Neurone Disease / Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (MND/ALS) and compared to healthy subjects. Methods: 202 subjects were selected, these 71 diagnosed with ALS, 18 with Paralysis Progressive Bulbar (PBP) and 8 with Family ELA (FAMILY), of the remaining 105 consisted of healthy individuals as a control group. The patients underwent medical evaluation, physiotherapy and all participants responded to the questionnaire on habitual physical activity Baecke, for periods from 10 to 20 years, 21 to 30 years, the last 12 months; and related will MND/ALS the last two years before the first symptom. Results: When comparing the scores of the questionnaire was shown that patients with MND/ALS, regardless of the type of disease evolution, performed more habitual physical activity (HPA) from 10 to 20 years, especially the occupational physical activity (OPA), and OPA from 21 to 30 years compared with the control group. The OPA more strongly related with the development of the disease was the Farmer (30% of patients), regardless of subtype classification, in the period from 10 to 20 years old. Earlier detection of initial symptoms was more related to HPA more intense, between 21 and 30 years, in patients with Family ALS, and OPA more intense in the last two years before the appearance of symptoms. Greater physical activity in leisure and locomotion (LLA) in the period from 10 to 20 years, especially men, was related to the need to use a wheelchair later. The HPA most intense the last 12 months was related to an earlier need to use wheelchair and installation of noninvasive mechanical ventilation and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Conclusions: The history of habitual physical activity most intense in patients with MND/ALS, especially OPA, has a direct bearing on the development of the disease, in anticipation of need for special care.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)A influência de uma refeição proteica sobre o efeito térmico da alimentação em indivíduos obesos portadores da síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-03-31) Del Re, Mariana Pantaleão [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; Zimberg, Ioná Zalcman [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2138602908386086; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4215971444001756; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0066176980119639; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJETIVOS: Comparar o efeito térmico da alimentação (ETA), o quociente respiratório (QR), o perfil lipídico e glicídico em resposta a refeições com maior teor de proteínas e carboidratos em indivíduos obesos com apneia do sono (AOS). MÉTODOS: Neste estudo randomizado e cego, 29 voluntários adultos obesos com AOS (IMC maior ou igual 30kg/m², IAH maior ou igual 15 eventos/hora) foram submetidos a duas refeições contendo maior teor de proteínas (GPTN) ou de carboidratos (GCHO). Após o consumo das refeições, foram realizadas avaliações do ETA e do QR por um período de cinco horas. Coletas de sangue foram realizadas antes, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 e 240 minutos após o consumo da refeição teste para avaliação do perfil glicídico e lipídico. Os valores do ETA, do QR e dos parâmetros sanguíneos de ambos os grupos foram avaliados por meio do teste de GLM e da área sob a curva. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes para nenhuma das variáveis do ETA. Este resultado também foi obtido para as análises do perfil lipídico, glicídico e do QR. CONCLUSÃO: O consumo de uma refeição com teor moderado de proteínas não foi capaz de promover uma maior elevação no ETA nem de gerar respostas diferentes do QR, do perfil lipídico e glicídico em indivíduos obesos com AOS em comparação a uma refeição com maior quantidade de carboidratos.