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    Investigação do potencial protetor da alga gracilaria birdiae sobre ratos machos juvenis expostos a agrotóxicos em mistura
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-05-13) Cavalcante, Deborah Navit De Carvalho [UNIFESP]; Perobelli, Juliana Elaine [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Marine algae have been considered as nutritious food supplements with antioxidant potential. The red algae Gracilaria birdiae is considered one of the most promising of the several species, however, it’s still little studied in experimental models in vivo and focus has been given to the in vitro antioxidant activity of its fraction of sulphated polysaccharides. The use of antioxidant supplements may also be an important mitigating agent for the adverse effects of environmental pollutants on health, since many of them, such as agrochemical residues, cause oxidative damage to cellular components. Under real conditions, exposure does not occur to only one class of agrochemicals, but to complex mixtures of them, often potentializing their effects. In this context, the present study aims to characterize the macronutrients of the whole powder of the G. birdiae seawwed, as well as its carotenoid and flavonoid fractions, and investigate its protective potential in vivo in rats exposed to a mixture with the three agrochemicals found in food in Brazil: carbendazim, acephate and dithiocarbamate. For this, juvenile male rats were used as experimental model, from postnatal day 23 to 53, distributed in 4 groups: CTL (received, daily, only corn oil vehicle and Nuvilab CR1 ration plus water; MIS (received, daily, the mixture of the pesticides diluted in corn oil); GB (received, daily, the vehicle (corn oil), orally, by gavage, and the commercial G. birdiae red seaweed added to the 5% commercial feed Nuvilab CR1) and the GBMIS group (They received daily the mixture of pesticides, diluted in corn oil, orally, by gavage and the red seaweed G. birdiae added to the commercial feed Nuvilab CR1 at 5%). In the present study, powder bromatology G. birdiae showed a centesimal composition consistent with that previously reported in the literature, which includes high concentrations of the micronutrient Iron. On the other hand, the analysis of carotenoids and flavonoids indicated a low amount of these active compounds. In vivo study showed that the mixture of agrochemicals used, as well as the supplementation with G. birdiae, decreased the efficiency of the spermatogenic process in the testis, consequently impacting the epididymal morphology. The presence of oxidative DNA damage and the increase in pro-apoptotic tissue markers indicate the possible mechanism of reproductive and genetic toxicity exerted by both agrochemicals and supplementation with algae commercial powder. Thus, it is necessary to improve control over the processing standards of algae destined for food, which will certainly reflect in greater safety for human consumption, since the supplementation with the integral seaweed powder (only form available in the market ) appears to exert adverse health effects.