Navegando por Palavras-chave "H. influenzae"

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    Activity of garenoxacin, an investigational des-F(6)-quinolone, tested against pathogens from community-acquired respiratory tract infections, including those with elevated or resistant-level fluoroquinolone MIC values
    (Elsevier B.V., 2007-05-01) Jones, Ronald N.; Fritsche, Thomas R.; Sader, Helio S.; Stilwell, Matthew G.; JMI Labs; Tufts Univ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Garenoxacin, a novel des-F(6)-quinolone, was tested against 40423 pathogenic isolates associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CA-RTIs). the strains included Streptococcus pneumoniae (18887), Haemophilus influenzae (15555), and Moraxella catarrhalis (5981), each isolated from a significant infection monitored by the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1999-2005; North America, Latin America, and Europe). All tests were performed by reference broth microdilution methods for garenoxacin and 19 comparison agents. the garenoxacin MIC90 and percentage (%) of strains inhibited at <= 1 mu g/mL (proposed susceptible breakpoint) were S. pneumoniae (0.06 mu g/mL, > 99.9% susceptible), H. influenzae (<= 0.03 mu g/mL, > 99.9%,), and M. catarrhalis (<= 0.03 mu g/mL, 100.0%). the garenoxacin potency versus the pneumococci was 16- to 32-fold greater than levofloxacin or ciprofloxacin and 2-fold superior to moxifloxacin (MIC90, 0.12 mu g/mL). Resistances to other classes of antimicrobials did not adversely influence garenoxacin MIC results. Ciprofloxacin- or levofloxacin-resistant (MIC90, >= 4 mu g/mL) S. pneumoniae had higher garenoxacin MIC90 values (1 mu g/mL), but 90.6% to 97.5% of strains remained susceptible. Strains of all 3 monitored pathogens with mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) had higher garenoxacin MIC results, with >= 3 to 4 QRDR mutations required to elevate garenoxacin MIC values to 2 mu g/mL. in conclusion, garenoxacin possesses a potent activity against pneumococci, H.. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis strains worldwide, at a level significantly greater than the available tested agents in the fluoroquinolone class (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin). Only 13 and 4 isolates (0.07% and 0.03%) of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, respectively, had a garenoxacin MIC at >= 2 mu g/mL, thus, making this new respiratory antipneumococcal quinolone an attractive candidate for the therapy of coil temporary CA-RTI (bronchitis, pneumonia, and sinusitis). (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Contemporary evaluation of the in vitro activity and spectrum of cefdinir compared with other orally administered antimicrobials tested against common respiratory tract pathogens (2000-2002)
    (Elsevier B.V., 2003-11-01) Sader, H. S.; Fritsche, T. R.; Mutnick, A. H.; Jones, R. N.; JONES Grp; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Cefdinir is an oral cephalosporin approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1997 for the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, pharyngitis-tonsillitis, community-acquired pneumonia, acute maxillary sinusitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections in adults and adolescents, and acute otitis media, pharyngitis-tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections in children. Although cefdinir showed similar activity to other cephalosporins in the early studies, very limited data has been generated over the last decade. in this report, we summarize the contemporary in vitro activity and spectrum of cefdinir in comparison to numerous other orally administrated antimicrobials available for treatment of community-acquired respiratory infections. A total of 8,326 non-duplicate recent clinical isolates, including Haemophilus influenzae (3,438), Moraxella catarrhalis (1,688), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (3,200). were collected from 35 medical centers in North America during 2000 through 2002, and susceptibility tested by reference broth microdilution methods. Pneumococcal susceptibility patterns for beta-lactams and macrolides were also analyzed according to the year of isolation and the age group of the patients. Cefdinir had the greatest activity against H. influenzae among the cephalosporins tested with susceptibility rates of 97.1 to 99.0%. All of the agents tested had complete or near complete activity against M. catarrhalis. Against S. pneumoniae. cefdinir and other cephalosporins showed similar susceptibility patterns, but improved rates were observed in 2002 (78.5-79.4%) when compared to the previous monitored period (71.8-74.5%). This increase in susceptibility was mainly because of a declining the occurrence of high-level penicillin resistance (MIC greater than or equal to2 mug/ml) across all age groups. Macrolide resistance also decreased among S. pneumoniae in 2002 when compared to 2000 through 2001; however, resistance to levofloxacin continued to increase from 0.9% in 2000 to 1.4% in 2002. These results indicate a significant change in emerging P-lactam resistance patterns (including cefdinir) with a decrease possibly influenced by greater pneumococcal vaccine use in children and the elderly. These rates of increased susceptibility could sustain and enhance the clinical activity of orally administered beta-lactams such as cefdinir. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.