Navegando por Palavras-chave "Judgment"

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    Um julgamento de concretude de palavras
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia, 2012-01-01) Calais, Lucila Leal [UNIFESP]; Lima-Gregio, Aveliny Mantovan; Arantes, Pablo; Gil, Daniela [UNIFESP]; Borges, Alda Christina Lopes de Carvalho [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de Brasília Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Faculdade de Letras Programa de Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos
    PURPOSE: To describe the judgement of the concreteness of a set of 162 Brazilian Portuguese words, prior to the elaboration of a speech recognition test, as well as to verify the influence of variables such as the frequency of occurrence of the words and age and undergraduate program year of the participants on the concreteness ratings. METHODS: Fifty undergraduate Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology students from a public university rated the concreteness of a set of 162 words using a seven-point scale where the lowest concreteness degree was represented by number one and the highest by number seven. Participants were free to choose any number in the scale. RESULTS: The results showed a tri-modal distribution of values, suggesting the classification of three categories, according to the concreteness rating. The low concreteness category ranged from 1.76 to 3.45; the medium concreteness category, from 3.46 to 4.95; and the high concreteness rating, from 4.96 to 6.70. Positive correlation was found between the concreteness rating and the coefficient of variation, whereby the higher the rating attributed to a word, the lesser variation in the responses. No significant correlation was found between concreteness ratings and the frequency of occurrence of words. The influence of age and undergraduate year was significant for some correlations. CONCLUSION: Results showed three concreteness categories, and suggest that concreteness can be considered an independent attribute of words, since their frequency of occurrence, as well as participants' age and undergraduate program year did not influence the ratings attributed. The words classified in the high concreteness category were subsequently used for the elaboration of a speech recognition test.
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    Perceptual Error Analysis of Human and Synthesized Voices
    (Mosby-Elsevier, 2017) Englert, Marina [UNIFESP]; Madazio, Glaucya; Gielow, Ingrid; Lucero, Jorge; Behlau, Mara [UNIFESP]
    Objective/ Hypothesis. To assess the quality of synthesized voices through listeners' skills in discriminating human and synthesized voices. Study Design. Prospective study. Methods. Eighteen human voices with different types and degrees of deviation (roughness, breathiness, and strain, with three degrees of deviation: mild, moderate, and severe) were selected by three voice specialists. Synthesized samples with the same deviations of human voices were produced by the VoiceSim system. The manipulated parameters were vocal frequency perturbation (roughness), additive noise (breathiness), increasing tension, subglottal pressure, and decreasing vocal folds separation (strain). Two hundred sixty-nine listeners were divided in three groups: voice specialist speech language pathologists (V-SLPs), general clinician SLPs (G-SLPs), and naive listeners (NLs). The SLP listeners also indicated the type and degree of deviation. Results. The listeners misclassified 39.3% of the voices, both synthesized (42.3%) and human (36.4%) samples (P = 0.001). V-SLPs presented the lowest error percentage considering the voice nature (34.6%)
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    Perceptual Error Identification of Human and Synthesized Voices
    (Mosby-Elsevier, 2016) Englert, Marina [UNIFESP]; Madazio, Glaucya; Gielow, Ingrid; Lucero, Jorge; Behlau, Mara [UNIFESP]
    Objectives/Hypothesis. To verify the discriminatory ability of human and synthesized voice samples. Study Design. This is a prospective study. Methods. A total of 70 subjects, 20 voice specialist speech-language pathologists (V-SLPs), 20 general SLPs (G-SLPs), and 30 naive listeners (NLs) participated of a listening task that was simply to classify the stimuli as human or synthesized. Samples of 36 voices, 18 human and 18 synthesized vowels, male and female (9 each), with different type and degree of deviation, were presented with 50% of repetition to verify intrarater consistency. Human voices were collected froma vocal clinic database. Voice disorders were simulated by perturbations of vocal frequency, jitter (roughness), additive noise (breathiness) and by increasing tension and decreasing separation of the vocal folds (strain). Results. The average amount of error considering all groups was 37.8%, 31.9% for V-SLP, 39.3% for G-SLP, and 40.8% for NL. V-SLP had smaller mean percentage error for synthesized (24.7%), breathy (36.7%), synthesized breathy (30.8%), and tense (25%) and female (27.5%) voices. G-SLP and NL presented equal mean percentage error for all voices classification. All groups together presented no difference on the mean percentage error between human and synthesized voices (P value = 0.452). Conclusions. The quality of synthesized samples was very high. V-SLP presented a lower amount of error, which allows us to infer that auditory training assists on vocal analysis tasks.
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    Tick tock, tick tock! An experimental study on the time pressure effect on omission neglect
    (Hindawi Ltd, 2016) Domingues Pereira do Prado, Rejane Alexandrina; Lopes, Evandro Luiz [UNIFESP]
    The term omission negligence comprises consumer insensitivity in the absence of information such as product characteristics, quality, and choices, among other factors. This phenomenon has been researched in various contexts. However, to date, no studies were found that examined time pressure effects on omission neglect. This lack of research gives relevance to this study, for the individual who does not recognize the omission of information in the purchase decision process, notably the evaluation of alternatives, may make consumption errors of higher or lower degrees. Also, considering that time pressure is a factor that can impair the quality of decisions, we sought to identify the time pressure effect on the negligence of omission of information. The results obtained allowed the identification of the time pressure effect on information omission neglect, no congruence between subjective and objective expertise, and also identified that omission salience cancels the effect of time pressure.