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    Bebida à base de soja e leite de vaca com e sem suplementação de frutooligossacarídeos: análise da absorção intestinal de cálcio e ferro em ratos recém-desmamados
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-05-30) Silva, Maisa de Lima Correia [UNIFESP]; Morais, Mauro Batista de [UNIFESP]; Speridião, Patrícia da Graça Leite [UNIFESP]; Oyama, Lila Missae [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7520873457028761; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7125541171554727; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5056114729141952; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484555515948905; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: Considering the need for adequate intake of calcium and iron, especially for children, the present study is based on the argument that there is a loss in the bioavailability of calcium and iron in soy beverage and it may lead to deleterious effects to the health of this population, given the growing market demand for these soy beverages with appeal to the pediatric population as a substitute for cow's milk. Recent studies have shown the benefits associated with ingestion of prebiotics in mineral absorption. Objective: Verify the effect of the soy beverage in relation to cow's milk supplemented or not with FOS on possible mechanisms related to the intestinal absorption of calcium and iron. Material and Methods: On the first day, weanling male Wistar rats were divided into four similar groups for weight and length, receiving exclusively the following: 1) cow's milk without lactose (LV); 2) lactose-free cow's milk with FOS (0.8 g/100 mL) (LVF); 3) soy beverage (BS); and 4) soy beverage with FOS (0.8g/100mL) (BSF). During the experiment, weight and length were again analyzed, stool and urine collection was performed for 72 hours, and fecal occult blood was investigated in all animals. After 1 week, blood from the heart was collected and the animals were euthanized. The contents of the cecum, and the segments of the duodenum, cecum, colon and liver were removed. Dosages of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum calcium and 25(OH)D were performed. Protein expression of DMT-1 (Divalent Metal Transporter), ferroportin and Dcyt-b (Cytochrome B Reductase) in intestinal segments was evaluated by Western Blotting. The cecal pH and hepatic iron content were evaluated. Concentrations of sodium, urea and creatinine were determined in the urine. The carcasses were eviscerated and used for fat and protein determination. Results: At the end of the experiment, the hemoglobin of the LVF and BS groups was significantly higher when compared to the LV group (p=0.003 and p<0.001). The BSF group presented higher hemoglobin in comparison to the LVF group (p <0.001). The hematocrit in the LVF and BS groups was higher in relation to the LV group (p=0.010 and p<0.001) and the BSF group was higher in relation to the BS and LVF groups (p=0.013 and p<0.001). The apparent absorption of iron in the LV group was significantly higher when compared to the BS group (p<0.05) and in the LVF group it was higher in relation to the BSF group (p<0.05). The DMT-1 protein expression in the duodenum was significantly higher in the BSF group than the BS and LVF groups (p=0.005 and p=0.001). The apparent absorption and retention of calcium in the LV group was significantly higher when compared to the BS group (p<0.001), and the LVF group was higher in relation to the BSF group (p<0.001). 25(OH)D in the BS group was higher in comparison to the LV group (p=0.003), and the BSF group was higher in relation to the LVF group (p=0.032). The fresh stool weight of the BS and LVF groups were higher than in the LV group (p<0.001 and p<0.001), and in the BSF group was higher when compared to the BS and LVF groups (p=0.030 and p<0.001). The weight gain throughout the experiment was significantly higher in the LV group compared to the BS group (p=0.005) and in the LVF group compared to the BSF group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The intestinal absorption of calcium is lower with soy beverage than cow's milk. The group soy beverage had a higher concentration of hemoglobin and hematocrit despite the lower apparent absorption of iron. Supplementation with FOS provided a beneficial effect on hemoglobin, hematocrit and protein expression of DMT-1- in the duodenum. Still, it was possible to verify a lower growth and elimination of a greater amount of feces associated with the use of soy beverage.