Navegando por Palavras-chave "Levantamentos Epidemiológicos"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Análise multinível das variações no índice de massa corporal entre adultos, Brasil, 2006(Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 2009-11-01) Sichieri, Rosely; Moura, Erly Catarina de [UNIFESP]; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Departamento de Epidemiologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Ministério da Saúde Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde Coordenação Geral de Doenças Crônicas não TransmissíveisOBJECTIVE: To analyze the variation in body mass index (BMI) among adults according to individual factors and environmental characteristics of their city of residence. METHODS: Data generated in 2006 by the Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL - Telephone-based Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases) system. This survey is based on telephone interviews carried out among probabilistic samples of the population of adults aged >18 years from the 26 Brazilian state capitals and Federal District. Analysis of associated factors included individual socioeconomic and demographic variables and environmental variables pertaining to the city of residence of the 49,395 VIGITEL subjects. Food intake was evaluated based on a healthy diet score and on five-a-day fruit and vegetable intake. Physical activity was evaluated based on frequency and duration of exercise and presence of a place in which to perform physical activity. Associations were tested using multilevel linear models (p<0.05). RESULTS: Associations between BMI and individual explanatory variables differed according to sex. Schooling was positively associated with BMI among men, and negatively among women. Five-a-day fruit and vegetable intake was positively associated with BMI among men. In both sexes, presence of a place for physical activity was negatively associated with BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Mean BMI differed substantially among Brazilian capitals; however little of this variation could be explained by presence of a place for physical activity or by socioeconomic and diet-related variables.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Padrões de violência domiciliar associada ao uso de álcool no Brasil(Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 2009-10-01) Fonseca, Arilton Martins [UNIFESP]; Galduróz, José Carlos Fernandes [UNIFESP]; Tondowski, Cláudia Silveira [UNIFESP]; Noto, Ana Regina [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: To describe situations of domestic violence committed by perpetrators under the influence of alcohol in the largest Brazilian cities. METHODS: A household survey was carried out in the 108 Brazilian cities with more than 200,000 inhabitants in 2005. A multistage probabilistic self-weighted sample stratified in terms of conglomerate units was performed in three selection stages: census tracts, households, and respondents (population between 12 and 65 years old). The instrument to collect the data was the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, with questions on sociodemographics and psychotropic drug abuse.. RESULTS: The survey encompassed 7,939 households. In 33.5% of them there were reports of domestic violence, 17.1% out of which involving intoxicated perpetrators. The most frequently reported types of violence associated with the use of alcohol were: arguments among the people in the household (81,8%), loud arguments not aimed at a specific person (70.9%), threats of assault (39.5%), and breaking households objects (38.7%). The respondents also reported physical assault (27.8%), physical assault with weapon (5.5%), and sexual abuse (3.2%). More than half of perpetrators lived in the household and 88.8% were male. Most of the victims were female (63.9%); 33.9% were wives and 18.2% were children. In terms of recidivism, 14.1% of the cases lasted for a period between 1 and 5 years, and in 14.3% they lasted for over a decade. Most of the victims (86%) and perpetrators (77.9%) did not look for the help of either the health services or the police. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the considerable number of Brazilian households with a history of violence involving intoxicated abusers, this kind of abuse has many specific characteristics. The low rate for the search for help at the health services/police stations point to the importance of actively identifying cases of domestic violence.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Prevalência de diagnóstico auto-referido de osteoporose, Brasil, 2006(Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 2009-11-01) Martini, Lígia Araujo [UNIFESP]; Moura, Erly Catarina de; Santos, Luana Caroline dos; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Pinheiro, Marcelo de Medeiros [UNIFESP]; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Ministério da Saúde Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde Coordenação Geral de Doenças e Agravos Não Transmissíveis; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública Curso de Nutrição; UFMG Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública. Escola de Enfermagem; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of self-reported osteoporosis (with previous medical diagnosis) and the associated risk and protection factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out, based on data from the system Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL - telephone-based surveillance of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases). A total of 54,369 individuals aged >18 years living in homes served by at least one fixed telephone line in Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District in 2006 were interviewed. Estimates of osteoporosis in relation to socioeconomic and behavioral factors and the body mass index were stratified according to sex. The risk of occurrence of osteoporosis was calculated for each variable separately and through a multivariate model, taking the odds ratio to be a proxy for the prevalence ratio. RESULTS: The reported prevalence of osteoporosis was 4.4%, predominantly among women (7.0%) >45 years of age whose marital status was not single and who were former smokers. Among men, age > 65 years, married or widowed status and sedentarism were positively associated with this outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Among the factors associated with osteoporosis, modifiable characteristics relating to disease prevention were highlighted, such as physical activity and smoking habits.