Navegando por Palavras-chave "Marine protected area"

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    Usos e ameaças às tartarugas marinhas no santuário ecológico de Ilhabela (SP): subsídios para readequação de uma área marinha protegida
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2016-01-04) Guilhon e Sa, Maila Paisano [UNIFESP]; Neiman, Zysman [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The survival of the seven species of marine turtles is threatened by various human activities such as fishing, meat consumption, egg collection, collision with vessels, environmental pollution and climate change, among others. Ilhabela was characterized as foraging, resting and transitional area for sea turtles. This area houses a marine protected area called Ecological Sanctuary of Ilhabela. However the nomenclature "Sanctuary" is no longer a category in the brazilian protected area legislation, the National Protected Areas System (SNUC), requiring framing process. The Ecological Sanctuary of Ilhabela area does not have any fiscalization and monitoring, therefore various activities are practiced without control or regulation in the region. Several fishing arrangements such as gillnets and angling, as well as intense vessel traffic at high speeds use the coastal region without any supervision, emerging as a potential threat to sea turtles. The aim of this study was to diagnose and characterize potential human impacts to sea turtles in the Ecological Sanctuary of Ilhabela with the purpose of contribute with subsidies for the framing process of the region in SNUC. A fixed-point methodology was used to collect information about vessel traffic and other activities in Sergio, Portinho, Oscar, Pedras Miúdas and Piúva beaches, as well as dives to check if live animals presented signals of vessels collision or entanglement in fishing nets. After this survey a threat matrix was constructed to rank the activities, based on the "Threat Ranking" developed by WWF. The most observed vessel was the ?Speedboat? with 59,4% of the observations with the main purpose of the "Leisure" (73%). Regarding the distance from the coast and speed, 41,2% of vessels traveled a shorter distance than 200m from the coast, and 72,8% traveled above or equal 19km/h, a speed classified as "Fast" for animal to escape. The most observed activity was snorkelling, representing 49,3% of people observed performing some type of activity. There were also records of harpoon fishing, collection of marine specimens and animal feeding. For fishing, 44,4% of nets were recorded in Portinho Beach and sport fishing at Oscar Beach. From 65 sea turtles identified only one presented a mark from unknown reasons. The data demonstrate the need for planning and ordering activities as well as a legislation which regulates uses in the area, such as vessel traffic, fishing activities, specimens collection, among others. This achievement would be possible through the creation of a marine protected area in the region. The Threat Ranking indicates conservation priorities for the area.