Navegando por Palavras-chave "Nutrients"

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    Avaliação do uso contínuo de inibidores da bomba de prótons na biodisponibilidade de Fe, Ca total e ionizável, Zn, Mg, Cu e K
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2021) Brito, Andrea Santana De [UNIFESP]; Nascimento, Angerson Nogueira do [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
    Many studies have shown a relationship between the prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors and the decrease in the bioavailability of several minerals and vitamins, bringing risks to patients using this class of drugs, however, certain relationships are not established. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the continuous use of proton pump inhibitors in the bioavailability of Fe, total and ionizable Ca, Zn, Mg, Cu and K. Wistar rats, recently weaned, weighing approximately 200 g, stored in appropriate cage with controlled temperature and humidity. The animals were organized in 2 groups (control and treated) and in subgroups according to the treatment time (10, 30 and 60 days), each subgroup containing 6 rats. The groups were kept at room temperature, with 12-hour cycles (light / dark), under a continuous flow of air; they received feed and water ad libitum, remaining in the same cage until the end of the study according to previous research. Six hours of fasting was performed during the day, immediately before the start of the daily omeprazole administration protocol. The animals at the end of each treatment period were euthanized, their blood and organs collected. Laboratory analysis of physiological (weight), biochemical and hematological parameters and determination of elements using ICP-MS was performed. The results were documented, analyzed and compared. The analyzes were evaluated statistically according to the analysis of variance method (ANOVA) with one and two evaluation criteria. Comparisons were made using the Tukey test. In all analyzes performed, the differences were considered significant when p˂ 0.05. In conjunction with the analysis of variance, effects size was used to examine the difference in means. The results found in this study confirmed that omeprazole may decrease some nutrients present in the diet of rats such as Fe and may cause hematological variations such as those found in hematological cell values such as leukocytes: monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, in addition to decreasing hemoglobin and also affect the platelet count. These hematological changes may suggest a decrease in the immunity of the rats and in blood clotting and anemia.
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    Capacidade de adsorção e dessorção de íons potássio e amônio provenientes da vinhaça pela zeólita natural
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-01-06) Kuriki, Fernanda Kaori [UNIFESP]; Shinzato, Mirian Chieko [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3795345587829203; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9690946200051766
    O efluente da indústria sucroalcooleira, mais conhecido como vinhaça ou vinhoto, tem sido aplicado diretamente no solo agrícola como um fertilizante, podendo causar a contaminação do solo e água subterrânea devido, por exemplo, à sua elevada concentração em matéria orgânica. Além de matéria orgânica, esse efluente contém elevados teores de potássio, nitrogênio e fósforo, que são elementos essenciais para o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. Assim, o presente projeto teve como objetivo testar minerais com elevada capacidade de troca catiônica, como as zeólitas, para retirar os nutrientes presentes na vinhaça para serem utilizados como fertilizantes de liberação lenta. Foram realizados testes experimentais para avaliar a capacidade de retenção de potássio (K+) e amônio (NH4+) por uma amostra de concentrado de zeólitas, primeiro com soluções sintéticas e depois com a vinhaça. As análises químicas e mineralógicas revelaram que o material zeolítico é composto por duas zeólitas (72% de clinoptilolita e 16% de mordenita), além de muscovita (12%). A vinhaça apresenta altos teores de matéria orgânica (8.690 mg L-1), potássio (2.600 mg L-1), cálcio (1.310 mg L-1) e nitrogênio total (900 mg L-1). Foram realizados testes em batelada para analisar os efeitos do tempo e da concentração de amônio e potássio na eficiência de adsorção do material zeolítico. Os resultados revelaram que a eficiência de adsorção de K+ pela zeólita é um pouco maior que de NH4+. Os testes de adsorção com a vinhaça revelaram uma alta afinidade do mineral pelo potássio (devido ao elevado teor desse íon no efluente da vinhaça) – esse elemento, na forma de K2O, aumentou de 1,74% para 4,09% na composição da zeólita após contato com a vinhaça. O teste de dessorção de NH4+ e K+, retidos pelo material zeolítico, realizado em meios aquoso e ácido (para simular as condições do solo tropical) revelou que a zeólita libera os íons adsorvidos de forma lenta em ambas as condições. Em meio aquoso houve uma liberação de cerca de 1% de NH4+ e 0,6% de K+, e em meio ácido de 13% de NH4+ e 22% de K+. Este trabalho revela que as zeólitas podem ser utilizadas como alternativa ao tratamento de efluentes industriais contendo nutrientes (como a vinhaça) e seu uso posterior como fertilizantes de liberação lenta.
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    Direct determination of the nutrient profile in plant materials by femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
    (Elsevier B.V., 2015-05-30) Arantes de Carvalho, Gabriel Gustinelli; Moros, Javier; Santos, Dario [UNIFESP]; Krug, Francisco Jose; Laserna, J. Javier; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Univ Malaga; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (fs-LIBS) has been used for the first time for quantitative determination of nutrients in plant materials from different crops. A highly heterogeneous population of 31 samples, previously analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, covering a wide range of matrices was interrogated. To tackle the analysis, laser-induced plasmas under argon atmosphere of pellets prepared from sieved cryogenically ground leaves were studied. Predictive functions based on univariate and multivariate modeling of optical emissions associated to macro- (Ca, Mg, and P) and micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) were designed. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to select representative calibration (n(cal) = 17) and validation (n(val) = 14) datasets. the predictive performance of calibration functions over fs-LIBS data was compared with that attained on spectral information from nanosecond LIBS (ns-LIBS) operating at different wavelengths (1064 nm, 532 nm, and 266 nm). Findings established higher accuracy and less uncertainty on mass fractions quantification from fs-LIBS, whatever the modeling approach. Quality coefficients below 20% for the accuracy error on mass fractions' prediction in unknown samples, and residual predictive deviations in general above 5, were obtained. in contrast, only multivariate modeling satisfactorily handled the non-linear variations of emissions in ns-LIBS, leading to 2-fold decrease in the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of Ca, Mg, P, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in comparison with the univariate approach. But still, an averaged quality coefficient about 35% and residual predictive deviations below 3 were found. Similar predictive capabilities were observed when changing the laser wavelength. Although predicted values by ns-LIBS multivariate modeling exhibit better agreement with reference mass fractions as compared to univariate functions, fs-LIBS conducts better quantification of nutrients in plant materials since it is less dependent on the chemical composition of the matrices. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    The impact of the elimination diet on growth and nutrient intake in children with food protein induced gastrointestinal allergies
    (Biomed Central Ltd, 2016) Meyer, Rosan; De Koker, Claire; Dziubak, Robert; Godwin, Heather; Dominguez-Ortega, Gloria; Lozinsky, Adriana Chebar [UNIFESP]; Skrapac, Ana-Kristina; Gholmie, Yara; Reeve, Kate; Shah, Neil
    Background: Non immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated allergies affecting the gastrointestinal tract require an elimination diet to aid diagnosis. The elimination diet may entail multiple food eliminations that contribute significantly to macro-and micro-nutrient intake which are essential for normal growth and development. Previous studies have indicated growth faltering in children with IgE-mediated allergy, but limited data is available on those with delayed type allergies. We therefore performed a study to establish the impact on growth before and after commencing an elimination diets in children with food protein induced non-IgE mediated gastrointestinal allergies. Methods: A prospective, observational study was performed at the tertiary gastroenterology department. Children aged 4 weeks-16 years without non-allergic co-morbidities who were required to follow an elimination diet for suspected food protein induced gastrointestinal allergies were included. Growth parameters pre-elimination were taken from clinical notes and post-elimination measurements (weight and height) were taken a minimum of 4 weeks after the elimination diet. A 3-day estimated food diary was recorded a minimum of 4 weeks after initiating the elimination diet, including also any hypoallergenic formulas or over the counter milk alternatives that were consumed. Results: We recruited 130 children: 89 (68.5 %) boys and a median age of 23.3 months [IQR 9.4-69.2]. Almost all children (94.8 %) in this study eliminated CM from their diet and average contribution of energy in the form of protein was 13.8 % (SD 3.9), 51.2 % (SD 7.5) from carbohydrates and 35 % (SD 7.5) from fat. In our cohort 9 and 2.8 % were stunted and wasted respectively. There was a statistically significant improvement in weight-for-age (Wtage) after the 4 week elimination diet. The elimination diet itself did not improve any of the growth parameters, but achieving energy and protein intake improved Wtage and WtHt respectively, vitamin and/or mineral supplements and hypoallergenic formulas were positively associated with WtHt and Wtage. Conclusion: With appropriate dietary advice, including optimal energy and protein intake, hypoallergenic formulas and vitamins and mineral supplementation, growth parameters increased from before to after dietary elimination. These factors were positively associated with growth, irrespective of the type of elimination diet and the numbers of foods eliminated.
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    A influência do fósforo e da luminosidade no crescimento e desenvolvimento da chlorophyta chlorella sorokiniana em condições controladas de laboratório
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2021-08-06) Lima, Carolina Louzada de [UNIFESP]; Nordi, Cristina Souza Freire [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1133827212627122; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9840132326880608
    As microalgas são organismos microscópicos e fotossintetizantes, que vêm se tornando cada vez mais objeto de estudo. As microalgas são alvo de estudos em cultivo, principalmente devido a sua biologia: suas altas taxas de crescimento e a adaptabilidade a diversas formas de cultivo. Essas condições vêm sendo utilizadas na produção de biomassa algal para diversas aplicações. Nitrogênio e Fósforo são dois dos nutrientes essenciais e limitantes para o crescimento e desenvolvimento de microalgas. A disponibilidade de luz também tem importância crucial pelo fato de serem organismos que realizam fotossíntese. Neste trabalho teremos como foco o estudo com a microalga Chlorophyta Chlorella sorokiniana. O objetivo deste estudo será avaliar o crescimento e desenvolvimento desta espécie de microalga sob diferentes condições de luminosidade e concentrações de fósforo. Para o experimento de Fósforo serão avaliadas três condições: Grupo Controle (sem alteração do meio WC), Grupo 50% P (com metade da concentração de fósforo) e Grupo Sem P (sem fósforo). Para o experimento de intensidade luminosa serão avaliadas três condições: Grupo Controle (sem restrição de luz), Grupo 70% (com retenção de 70% de luz) e Grupo 99% (com retenção de 99% de luz). O experimento de fósforo confirmou a influência deste no crescimento da Chlorella sorokiniana, o Grupo Sem P apresentou um crescimento menor que o dos outros tratamentos, porém manteve um número relativo de células durante todo período experimental. Esse crescimento pode ter ocorrido por conta da habilidade de utilizar a reserva de nutrientes armazenados pelas células. A luz também teve influência no crescimento dessa microalga, acarretando em um crescimento menor em restrições de luz maiores. A capacidade de crescer em um meio com restrição de luz pode ser atribuída às reservas de amido da célula, que contribuíram fornecendo a fonte de carbono necessário para a sobrevivência em condições onde há limitação da fotossíntese. A Chlorella sorokiniana apresentou uma boa adaptabilidade a ambientes adversos, revelando novos dados sobre sua biologia.
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    Nutritional risk among Brazilian children 2 to 6 years old: A multicenter study
    (Elsevier B.V., 2013-02-01) Bueno, Milena Baptista; Fisberg, Regina Mara; Maximino, Priscila [UNIFESP]; Rodrigues, Guilherme de Padua; Fisberg, Mauro [UNIFESP]; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Danone Res
    Objective: To estimate the nutritional risk in children 2 to 6 y old.Methods: the sample consisted of 3058 children enrolled in public and private schools in nine Brazilian cities. the assessment of nutrient intake was based on 1-d data combining direct individual weighing of foods and a food diary. A second evaluation of food consumption was conducted in a subsample to estimate the usual intake.Results: There was low prevalence of inadequate intake of vitamin B6 (<0.001%), riboflavin (<0.001%), niacin (<0.001%), thiamin (<0.001%), folate (<0.001%), phosphorus (<0.1%), magnesium (<0.1%), iron (<0.5%), copper (<0.001%), zinc (<0.5%), and selenium (<0.001%). However, 22% of children younger than 4 y and 5% of children older than 4 y consumed fiber quantities larger than the adequate intake. Approximately 30% of the sample consumed more saturated fat than recommended. the prevalence of inadequate vitamin E intake ranged from 15% to 29%. More than 90% of the children had an inadequate vitamin D intake. in children older than 4 y, the prevalence of inadequate calcium intake was approximately 45%. Sodium intake was higher than the upper intake level in 90% of children younger than 4 y and 73% of children older than 4 y.Conclusions: the prevalence of inadequate dietary intake was low for most nutrients. However, fiber, calcium, and vitamin D and E intakes were lower than recommended. Moreover, children consumed large amounts of sodium and saturated fat. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Ultra-processed foods and nutrient profile of diets consumed in Chile and Colombia
    (Karger, 2017) Uauy, Ricardo; Cediel, Gustavo; Parra, Diana C.; Khandpur, Neha; Louzada, Maria Laura da Costa [UNIFESP]; Moubarac, Jean-Claude; Levy, Bertazzi Renata; Reyes, Marcela; Corvalan, Camila; Monteiro, Carlos