Navegando por Palavras-chave "Política social"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Álcool e adolescentes: estudo para implementar políticas municipais(Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 2007-06-01) Vieira, Denise Leite [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro, Marcelo [UNIFESP]; Romano, Marcos [UNIFESP]; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: To build students' profile regarding alcohol consumption and risk behavior. METHODS: A total of 1,990 students were included in the study, aged 11 to 21 years old, from both genders, enrolled in public and private schools, in Southeastern Brazil, in 2004. A self-administered questionnaire was answered in the classroom without the presence of the teacher. The questionnaire also assessed the perception of how easy it was to get alcoholic beverages, the contexts where they drunk, and the consequences of drinking. RESULTS: Prevalence of lifetime alcohol use was 62.2%. Regarding consumption in the last 30 days, 17.3% of students reported at least one episode of binge drinking (five or more drinks). Adolescents reported that they had gotten alcoholic drinks very easily from shops, and also in social contexts with relatives and friends. Only 1% of underaged reported that they had tried and could not buy alcoholic beverages. As negative consequences of alcohol use in the last 12 months, students reported feeling sick due to drinking (17.9%), regret for doing something under the influence of alcohol (11%), blackouts (9.8%), and getting involved in a fight after drinking (5%). Over half of the students (55%) reported knowing someone who had been involved in a car accident because of a drunk driver. CONCLUSIONS: Data showed high prevalence of alcohol use among adolescents studied and how easy access to alcoholic beverages is, including to underaged people. Youngsters put themselves at risk and presented negative consequences of alcohol consumption. Prompt actions regarding public alcohol policies in Brazil are needed.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)A atuação do BNDES na institucionalização do microcrédito no Brasil durante os governos FHC e Lula 1 (1995-2006)(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2019-11-27) Barbosa, Mozart Luiz Mattoso Pinheiro [UNIFESP]; Santos, Fábio Alexandre dos [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4694933086039750A década de 80, no Brasil, foi marcada, entre outros fatores, por uma crescente hiperinflação ocasionada por sucessivos e fracassados planos econômicos. Por conta disso, foi considerada como a “década perdida”. Foi um período extremamente difícil para as famílias brasileiras de menor renda, que foram as maiores vítimas das altas nos preços. A partir da criação do Plano Real, em 1994, houve, enfim, certo controle desta inflação, a partir da implantação do Real, que baixou a inflação e trouxe estabilidade a este índice. Com a economia em melhores termos e um sistema bancário estruturado, o governo brasileiro passou a explorar com mais ênfase o instrumento de crédito às famílias de menor renda, a partir do final do mandato de Itamar Franco. Os dois presidentes seguintes, Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) e Luis Inácio ‘Lula’ da Silva buscaram fomentar esta estratégia de concessão de crédito como forma de estimularem o mercado interno e até mesmo o desenvolvimento econômico e social brasileiro. Estas práticas estão associadas com um movimento de expansão desta ferramenta como medida socioeconômica ao redor do mundo a partir da segunda metade do século XX e do início das atividades do banco Grameen, na Índia. Portanto, o estudo em questão pretende estabelecer uma análise comparativa destas políticas de concessão de crédito no Brasil, analisando sua trajetória de institucionalização através do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento (BNDES). Para isso, este trabalho recorre à revisão bibliográfica e ao uso de dados para compreender o desenvolvimento das linhas de crédito destinadas a famílias de baixa renda e micro e pequenas empresas, denominado microcrédito. Desta forma, buscamos compreender a condução desta política no Brasil durante a virada do milênio, analisando suas diferenças e similaridades em dois momentos distintos: o Brasil das privatizações e abertura econômica no governo FHC (1995-2002) e o Brasil das políticas sociais do primeiro governo Lula (2003-2006). Buscamos fundamentalmente através deste trabalho demonstrar a evolução da concessão desta modalidade de crédito pelo governo de um país latino-americano, de forma a avaliar as correspondências na qualidade de vida de seus tomadores.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Conceitos introdutórios de economia da saúde e o impacto social do abuso de álcool(Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2006-12-01) Moraes, Edilaine [UNIFESP]; Campos, Geraldo M [UNIFESP]; Figlie, Neliana Buzi [UNIFESP]; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Ferraz, Marcos Bosi [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Brazilian society bears high economic costs in view of the problems resulting from the alcohol consumption. There is a lack of economic studies into alcohol misuse or dependence in Brazil due to the limited financial resources, despite the huge health problems the country has been facing. This paper aims to introduce basic concepts of Heath Economics to health care practitioners, such as: Complete and Incomplete Economic Evaluation, Disease Costs, Cost Comparison, Types of Evaluation (cost-minimisation, cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, and cost-benefice), Point of View Analysis (from patient, health institution, Ministry of Health, or society), Types of Costs (direct, indirect and intangible), and other ones. In addition, research data on the impact of the alcohol consumption on the Brazilian society is described. We do not intend to exhaust the subjects addressed in this paper, but emphasise the need for more national researches that link the economic evaluation to the alcohol addiction issue in order to seek maximum efficiency by maximising the health care and minimising the scarce health system resources.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Consenso brasileiro sobre políticas públicas do álcool(Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2004-05-01) Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Romano, Marcos [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This is the summary of a meeting where a group of experts, representing several health organizations and academic departements from different parts of Brazil, created a consensus about the main alcohol policies which should be implemented by different levels of the brazilian government. The World Health Organization has been suggesting for 30 years the actions that should be implemented for the public good. Two important conclusions were reached: 1) The research establishes beyond doubt that public health measures of proven effectiveness are available to serve the public good by reducing the widespread costs and pain related to alcohol use; 2) To that end, it is appropriate to deploy responses that influence both the total amount of alcohol consumed by a population and the high-risk contexts and drinking behaviours that are so often associated with alcohol-related problems. To conceive of these intrinsically complementary approaches as contractory alternatives would be a mistake. The objectives of the consensus are: 1) To make the scientific evidences more available to the Brazilian policy makers; 2) To facilitate the evaluation of the available estrategies according their effectivity, scientific support, cost and cultural adaptability; 3) To make the brazilian health professionais familiar with the priorities of alcohol policies.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Demandas habitacionais: por que recaem sobre o CRAS e como são trabalhadas?(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-12-16) Freitas, Rafaela Rosado [UNIFESP]; Cardoso, Priscila Fernanda Gonçalves [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4134515951014036; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8640049385363971; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Este trabalho de conclusão de curso apresenta um estudo que objetivou analisar os motivos que têm levado o aparecimento das demandas habitacionais ao Centro de Referência de Assistência Social – CRAS- Alemoa, no município de Santos-SP, e as resposta que os profissionais têm dado a essas demandas. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico, que deu origem aos capítulos que versarão sobre a contraditoriedade da política social, política de assistência social e a moradia com uma dos direitos que compõem o direito à cidade, sendo realizadas entrevistas com duas assistentes sociais do CRAS-Alemoa. Pudemos concluir que a temática requisita maiores estudos, pois é ampla e decorre de inúmeros fatores, entre eles a presença do CRAS nos territórios onde os sujeitos vivenciam as diferentes expressões da questão social que são levadas a este equipamento diante de uma política de caráter abrangente. As repostas encontradas a essas demandas habitacionais são paliativas, pois o equipamento não possui suporte para atendimento de violações do direito à moradia, devido a essa demanda fugir do âmbito da proteção social básica, a qual a unidade se destina.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Evidence of association between early alcohol use and risk of later problems(Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2007-09-01) Vieira, Denise Leite [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro, Marcelo [UNIFESP]; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between age of onset, alcohol consumption patterns and related problems. METHOD: In 2004, one self-administered questionnaire was completed by 1,990 students from the 5th to 11th grades of schools in Paulínia-SP. Data collection was conducted at the classroom without the presence of the teacher. The participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous. RESULTS: Prevalence of lifetime alcohol use was 62.2%. The mean age of first use of alcohol was 12.35 (sd = 2.72) and ranged between 5 and 19 years of age. In 78% of the cases, the first use occurred before the age of 15, and more than 22% of the students reported having tried alcohol before 10 years of age. There were significant differences regarding current pattern of use: those who started earlier consumed more drinks per occasion (p = 0.013) and had more drunkenness episodes in the last 30 days (p = 0.05). A relationship between the age of first alcohol use and the use of tobacco (p = 0.017) and other drugs (p = 0.047) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents first use alcohol in early ages, what impacts the current consumption patterns. This study emphasizes the need of actions regarding public alcohol policies in Brazil in order to prevent or delay the initiation of alcohol use and its related problems.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Forças políticas e sociais que mobilizaram a fundação, implantação e consolidação da santa casa de Guaxupé-MG(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2018-06-28) Silva, Maria Regina Guimaraes [UNIFESP]; Sanna, Maria Cristina [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8909608124506132; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)With the objective of describing and analyzing the history of the foundation of the Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Guaxupé, which occurred at a time when coffee farming was expanding and was the great wealth in that region, this research was carried out with the intent to contribute in the understanding of how communities of economically emerging cities were organized at the beginning of the Republic and how, in these communities, questions related to health were faced. This was a documentary research, whose temporal cut begins in 1908 when the first meeting with the proposal to found the Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Guaxupé was held, until the last record in the Book of the Sick, dated December 29, 1932. Minutes, periodicals, and documents related to the foundation of the Santa Casa were used as sources. These documents were read several times, and relevant information to the achievement of this study’s objective was extracted from them. This information was articulated, narrated, and discussed with the support of the scientific literature. The Santa Casa was founded with the purpose of serving the economically disadvantaged population living with insufficient sanitary conditions, which generated a significant number of patients. Most of them were farmers and workers working on the expansion of the railway network. The action of this hospital as well as other initiatives in the field of health at the time, complied with the postulate that ‘the healthier the worker, the greater his productivity could be,’ and, consequently, would generate more profit for their employers. In this perspective, the process of transition from slavery to free labor, the arrival of immigrant workers, and the expansion of the railway network were the main factors that led to the emergence and consolidation of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Guaxupé. Hence, holders of financial capital and the Catholic Church are highlighted as the forces that directed the work in the institution from its conception.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosPráticas alimentares de estudantes cotistas e não cotistas de uma universidade pública brasileira(Abrasco, 2016) Perez, Patricia Maria Perico; Castro, Ines Rugani Ribeiro de; Franco, Amanda da Silva; Bandoni, Daniel Henrique [UNIFESP]; Wolkoff, Daisy BlumenbergDietary practices of college students were described and examined according to the means by which they were admitted to the university (quota and non-quota students). A cross-sectional study was conducted with undergraduates (n = 1336) at a public university using a self-administered and identified questionnaire that inquired about their habits of eating breakfast and substituting lunch and/or dinner with snacks as well as the regular consumption (>= 5 times a week) of markers for healthy and unhealthy eating. Analysis of the association between means of admission to the university and dietary practices was done using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. It was observed that significant proportions of the students did not eat breakfast; substituted dinner with snacks; had low fruit, vegetable and bean consumption; and frequently consumed sugary beverages, sweets, cookies and packaged salty snacks. The quota students were found to more frequently consume beans, cookies and packaged salty snacks and less frequently substitute dinner with snacks and consume vegetables and fruits. Quota and non-quota students had some similarities in their dietary practices that were unhealthy. The differences observed between the two groups were largely more unfavorable for the quota students, with the exception of bean consumption.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Práticas alimentares de estudantes cotistas e não cotistas de uma universidade pública brasileira(Abrasco, 2016) Perez, Patricia Maria Perico; Castro, Ines Rugani Ribeiro de; Franco, Amanda da Silva; Bandoni, Daniel Henrique [UNIFESP]; Wolkoff, Daisy BlumenbergDietary practices of college students were described and examined according to the means by which they were admitted to the university (quota and non-quota students). A cross-sectional study was conducted with undergraduates (n = 1336) at a public university using a self-administered and identified questionnaire that inquired about their habits of eating breakfast and substituting lunch and/or dinner with snacks as well as the regular consumption (>= 5 times a week) of markers for healthy and unhealthy eating. Analysis of the association between means of admission to the university and dietary practices was done using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. It was observed that significant proportions of the students did not eat breakfast; substituted dinner with snacks; had low fruit, vegetable and bean consumption; and frequently consumed sugary beverages, sweets, cookies and packaged salty snacks. The quota students were found to more frequently consume beans, cookies and packaged salty snacks and less frequently substitute dinner with snacks and consume vegetables and fruits. Quota and non-quota students had some similarities in their dietary practices that were unhealthy. The differences observed between the two groups were largely more unfavorable for the quota students, with the exception of bean consumption.