Navegando por Palavras-chave "População Urbana"

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    Basal cell carcinoma: an updated epidemiological and therapeutically profile of an urban population
    (Sociedade Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Cirurgia, 2006-04-01) Bariani, Roberta Lopes; Nahas, Fabio Xerfan [UNIFESP]; Barbosa, Marcus Vinicius [UNIFESP]; Farah, Andréia Bufoni [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Lydia Masako [UNIFESP]; Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    PURPOSE: To describe the epidemiological profile of basal cell carcinoma patients at a private hospital in São Paulo and to evaluate the treatment adopted. METHODS: A prospective study of 202 patients, on which 253 lesions were diagnosed for histopathological exam as basal cell carcinoma within the period of January 2001 to September 2003, in the Plastic Surgery Residency Program at the Hospital Jaraguá. The susceptibility factor of the host, the environment variables, the characteristics of the lesions and the efficacy of the treatment were examined. The data were statistically evaluated. RESULTS: The incidence of basal cell carcinoma was 126 cases per 100,000 patients in a period of 32 months (36 cases per 100,000 patients/year). The patients were evenly distributed in terms of sex: 48% male and 52% female. The greater incidence was in patients between the ages of 60 and 80 years and the average was 64 years. The survey revealed susceptibility factors such as white race and phototypes I and II in 95.5% of the patients. Exposition to ultraviolet radiation was reported by 77% of the patients and the most frequent location of tumors was on the face (71.2% of the cases). Actinic keratosis and a history of skin cancer were reported in 43.6% and in 25% of the cases, respectively. The adopted treatment was surgery in 99.4% of the cases and only one patient was treated with radiotherapy. Twenty lesions (8%) had incomplete excision.The recurrence rate was 2% (5 cases). There were no cases with metastasis or fatal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The factors related to the development of basal cell cancer which were significantly present in the population surveyed were: older age, white individuals, phototypes I and II, presence of actinic keratosis, previous history of non-melanoma skin cancer and exposure to ultra-violet rays both in recreational and in occupational form.The surgical treatment employed was effective with a rate of incomplete excision and recurrence similar to those found in the literature.
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    Etnografias de infâncias calungas: um estudo sobre o cotidiano de crianças de um bairro periférico em São Vicente/SP
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-08-06) Rodrigues, Breno Ayres Chaves [UNIFESP]; Borba, Patrícia Leme de Oliveira [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Understanding childhood as a social construction in a time-space and children as subjects of rights that actively participate in this social construction, that is, they produce cultures. In this way we followed up the daily life of 4 children "calunga" (term with African root naming who is born in São Vicente coast of São Paulo) living in a outskirts of the city of São Vicente-SP and attending the "Camará" (a non-governmental organization). Our objective was to increase knowledge about their lives so that this study can subsidize public social policies, in relation to the construction of future actions and projects in line with the reality, language and wishes of this public. For this, a qualitative study was carried out with theoretical and methodological basis on ethnography. The children followed up two girls and two boys, aged between 9 and 12 years. The children acted as coauthors of the present research, that is, they expressed the meanings of their lives and the researcher was the mediator of the organization of these expressions. These same children allowed the access and the sociability in their houses, the circulation in the neighborhood in playful adventures, being in institutional spaces of the NGO, in more serious conversations about dating, violence, culture and others subjects. All these experiences were recorded in field diaries and were organized into categories of analysis, namely: importance of the street to their lives; playful ways of children occupying the neighborhood and the city; its relations with the traffic and the police; sexuality and gender differences; the relationship of children with the NGO involved; and, finally, art, culture and funk dances. The main results were in relation to the inventive and playful ways of moving around the neighborhood they called "missions". In these adventures, they claimed a less "adult-centric" city, transgressing and inventing their own rules of use or practice of spaces. From their collective organization and imagination, which was not neutral to stereotypes and capitalistic signs, they produced new contours and functionalities to the spaces, opening the possibility of resistance to situations that is invisible to the State, such as the lack of spaces for children. The technical product of this research was a children's book that tells a "mission" of 4 black children in a peripheral neighborhood, being accessible material for children, adults, educators and other interested parties.
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    Padrões de violência domiciliar associada ao uso de álcool no Brasil
    (Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 2009-10-01) Fonseca, Arilton Martins [UNIFESP]; Galduróz, José Carlos Fernandes [UNIFESP]; Tondowski, Cláudia Silveira [UNIFESP]; Noto, Ana Regina [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVE: To describe situations of domestic violence committed by perpetrators under the influence of alcohol in the largest Brazilian cities. METHODS: A household survey was carried out in the 108 Brazilian cities with more than 200,000 inhabitants in 2005. A multistage probabilistic self-weighted sample stratified in terms of conglomerate units was performed in three selection stages: census tracts, households, and respondents (population between 12 and 65 years old). The instrument to collect the data was the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, with questions on sociodemographics and psychotropic drug abuse.. RESULTS: The survey encompassed 7,939 households. In 33.5% of them there were reports of domestic violence, 17.1% out of which involving intoxicated perpetrators. The most frequently reported types of violence associated with the use of alcohol were: arguments among the people in the household (81,8%), loud arguments not aimed at a specific person (70.9%), threats of assault (39.5%), and breaking households objects (38.7%). The respondents also reported physical assault (27.8%), physical assault with weapon (5.5%), and sexual abuse (3.2%). More than half of perpetrators lived in the household and 88.8% were male. Most of the victims were female (63.9%); 33.9% were wives and 18.2% were children. In terms of recidivism, 14.1% of the cases lasted for a period between 1 and 5 years, and in 14.3% they lasted for over a decade. Most of the victims (86%) and perpetrators (77.9%) did not look for the help of either the health services or the police. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the considerable number of Brazilian households with a history of violence involving intoxicated abusers, this kind of abuse has many specific characteristics. The low rate for the search for help at the health services/police stations point to the importance of actively identifying cases of domestic violence.