Navegando por Palavras-chave "Program Evaluation"
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- ItemSomente MetadadadosAerobic exercise training programmes for improving physical and psychosocial health in adults with Down syndrome(Wiley-Blackwell, 2010-01-01) Andriolo, Regis B. [UNIFESP]; El Dib, Regina P.; Ramos, Luis [UNIFESP]; Atallah, Alvaro N. [UNIFESP]; Silva, Edina M. K. da [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); McMaster UnivBackgroundAlthough physical fitness has been suggested to improve physical and psychosocial health for a variety of population profiles, there is a lack of information about the safety and effectiveness of aerobic exercise for adults with Down syndrome.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of aerobic exercise training programmes for physiological and psychosocial outcomes in adults with Down syndrome.Search strategyThe following electronic databases were searched: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2009, Issue 1); MEDLINE (1966 to August 2009); EMBASE (1980 to August 2009); CINAHL (1982 to August 2009); LILACS (1982 to August 2009); PsycINFO (1887 to August 2009); ERIC (1966 to August 2009); Current Controlled Trials (August 2009); and Campbell Collaboration's Social, Psychological, Educational and Criminological Register (C2-SPECTR) (to August 2009). Information about ongoing clinical trials was sought by searching ClinicalTrials.gov (http://clinicaltrials.gov) (accessed August 2009), and the National Research Register (NRR) (2009 Issue 1).Selection criteriaRandomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials using supervised aerobic exercise training programmes with behavioral components accepted as co-interventions.Data collection and analysisTwo reviewers selected relevant trials, assessed methodological quality and extracted data. Where appropriate, data were pooled using meta-analysis with a random-effects model. Positive values favour the intervention group, while negative values favour the control group.Main resultsThree studies included in this systematic review used different kinds of aerobic activity: walking/jogging and rowing training and included participants with a broad age range (17 to 65 years). They were conducted in the USA, Portugal and Israel. in the meta-analyses, only maximal treadmill grade was improved after aerobic exercise training programmes (4.26 grades (%) [ 95% CI 2.06, 6.45]). Other variables relative to work performance that could not be combined in a meta-analysis were also improved in the intervention group (maximal test time P=0.0003), total turns of fan wheel (P=0.02), resistance of ergometer (p=0.003), power knee extension and flexion (p<0.00001), and timed up and go test (p=0.008). Thirty other outcomes measured in this review including, oxidative stress and body composition variables, could not be combined in the meta-analysis. Apart from work performance, trials reported no statistically significant improvements.Authors' conclusionsThere is insufficient evidence to demonstrate that there is improvement in physical or psychosocial outcomes of aerobic exercise in adults with Down syndrome. Although evidence exists to support improvements in physiological and psychological aspects from strategies using mixed physical activity programmes, well-conducted research examining long-term physical outcomes, adverse effects, psychosocial outcomes and costs is required before informed practice decisions can be made.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)A avaliação de programas e serviços de saúde no Brasil enquanto espaço de saberes e práticas(Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 2014-12-01) Furtado, Juarez Pereira [UNIFESP]; Vieira-da-silva, Ligia Maria; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal da Bahia Instituto de Saúde ColetivaThis social and historical study drew on Bourdieu's genetic sociology to analyze the establishment and development of a specialized space for the production of knowledge and practices in health evaluation in Brazil. The study analyzed the trajectories of 28 researchers and policymakers and the historical conditions that allowed establishing this space, using in-depth interviews, document analysis, and a literature review. The resulting material was analyzed according to Bourdieu's concepts of field, habitus, and capital. The results point to the constitution of a sub-space for evaluation within Public Health, resulting from interaction between actors from the administrative and scientific fields, respectively, represented by management institutions in the Brazilian Unified National Health System at its various levels and research groups affiliated with public universities. No common habitus was found between the interviewees and the inherent issues and disputes in this sub-space.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Avaliação de um programa de alimentação saudável nas famílias atendidas pela Pastoral da Criança: estudo de intervenção no município de Limeira, SP(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-04-25) Gaiga, Camilla Azevedo Joas [UNIFESP]; Bandoni, Daniel Henrique [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This is a intervention study, whose objective is to evaluate the healthy diet program on the families served by the pastoral da criança, in the city of Limeira, São Paulo. The sample was selected for convenience from invitation to community leaders and families assisted by pastoral da criança. Initially, training was given to the leaders who volunteered to carry out the intervention in their communities, transmitting guidelines on healthy eating for the families served. The training was developed in educational research-action configuration, whose purpose was to understand the lived reality and to clarify the best way to work in the context of a community, thus it was instigated to be made by the leaders a strategic analysis of the community and to identify the expectations of the families served by the pastoral, so as to make a diagnosis of the current situation of the community, and thus identify the most appropriate tools to carry out the intervention and elaborate a schedule of activities appropriate to each reality. The evaluation of the training given to the leaders was analyzed with quantitative and qualitative methods. After the training, the leaders had a period of 10 months to carry out the intervention with the families. The evaluation of the intervention in the community was analyzed through a food frequency questionnaire, which evaluated the change in consumption and in the eating habits of the families. The results of the training evaluation showed that the strategies used enabled the leaders to develop activities in their community. The results regarding the change in the dietary habits of the families, although not statistically relevant due to the reduction of the sample, show a slight improvement in the habits of the families. It is concluded that the strategic design of leadership training was effective and can be used as a method of efficient training in guiding and encouraging the promotion of healthy eating habits. More studies are needed to verify if the method is really relevant in order to transform eating habits of the target population of the action.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Fatores associados à implantação de programas de prevenção ao uso de drogas nas escolas(Amer Soc Microbiology, 2016) Pereira, Ana Paula Dias [UNIFESP]; Paes, Angela Tavares [UNIFESP]; Sanchez, Zila M. [UNIFESP]OBJECTIVE: To analyze if characteristics of managers, schools, and curriculum are associated with the implementation of programs for drug abuse prevention in elementary and high schools. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, with random sample of 263 school managers. Data were collected between 2012 and 2013 by a program that sends forms via internet. A closed self-filling questionnaire was applied online. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests and logistic regression models. The outcome variable was the presence of program for drug abuse prevention inserted in the daily life and educational program of the school. The explanatory variables were divided into: demographic data of the manager characteristics of the school and of the curriculum health education and drug use in the school. RESULTS: We found that 42.5% (95% CI 36.1-49.1) of the evaluated schools had programs for drug abuse prevention. With the multiple logistic regression model, we observed that the more time the manager has worked with education, the chance of the school having a program increased at about 4.0%. Experimenting with innovative teaching techniques also increased at about six times the chance of the school developing a program for drug abuse prevention. The difficulties in the implementation of the programs were more present in state and municipal schools, when compared with private schools, due to, for instance: lack of teaching materials, lack of money, and competing demands for teaching other subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of programs for drug abuse prevention in the city of Sao Paulo is associated with the experience of the manager in education and with the teaching strategies of the school.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Implementação de ortodontia preventiva e interceptativa no município de Suzano-SP: um estudo de caso(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-04-20) Sugaya, Marisa de Freitas [UNIFESP]; Fegadolli, Claudia [UNIFESP]; Zepeda, Jorge Ernesto Sergio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1642460907131240; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6541145627909917; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5872904083114484; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Introdução: Este é um estudo sobre a implementação de novas práticas em odontologia no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), em particular, sobre a iniciativa de implementação de ortodontia preventiva e interceptativa (OPI) na atenção primária à saúde (APS) no município de Suzano-São Paulo (SP). A iniciativa responde ao problema da maloclusão, condição de elevada prevalência e impacto à saúde. Objetivo: O estudo propõe analisar a implementação da ortodontia preventiva e interceptativa no município de Suzano-SP. Método: Tratou-se de um estudo de caso com métodos mistos apoiado no referencial teórico metodológico da avaliação realista, que é um tipo de avaliação baseada na teoria do programa. A principal fonte de dados foi um conjunto de entrevistas com cirurgiões-dentistas, gestores e pesquisadores envolvidos na implementação. As entrevistas foram submetidas à análise temática guiada pelas teorias iniciais do programa. A pergunta de pesquisa foi: ‘Como e por que esta intervenção funcionou neste contexto?’. A produção de hipóteses iniciais (teorias do programa) ocorreu com base na literatura, na análise documental e na experiência da pesquisadora como coordenadora da área técnica de saúde bucal durante a implementação do programa. As teorias iniciais foram testadas e refinadas por meio de triangulação com dados da entrevista e descrição do caso. Resultados: Os principais componentes da intervenção foram: compartilhamento de informações de saúde bucal; espaços coletivos; e disponibilidade de apoio e de recursos para o trabalho. Estes componentes interagiram com os fatores do contexto institucional e características dos atores locais para ativar os seguintes mecanismos de mudança: reflexão e maior compreensão sobre o problema; segurança; participação e responsabilização pela mudança; e valorização do trabalhador. Três teorias de programa explicam como esses mecanismos contribuíram sinergicamente para implementação da OPI na atenção primária em Suzano-SP. Conclusões: As teorias refinadas se reforçam mutuamente e têm elementos recorrentes, o que sugere que o conjunto de estratégias de implementação adotadas no caso descrito podem contribuir sinergicamente para implementação de intervenções semelhantes.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosA Web-Based Distance Education Course in Nutrition in Public Health: Case study(Journal Medical Internet Research, 2001-01-01) Sigulem, Dirce Maria [UNIFESP]; Morais, Tania Beninga de [UNIFESP]; Cuppari, Lilian [UNIFESP]; Franceschini, Sylvia do Carmo Castro; Priore, Silvia Eloiza; Camargo, Kátia Gavranich [UNIFESP]; Gimenez, Reinaldo [UNIFESP]; Bernardo, Viviane [UNIFESP]; Sigulem, Daniel [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)Background: Strict work timetables, personal and professional duties or an inability to be absent from home or work can all represent major constraints for those wishing to improve their professional skills. Within this context, the World Wide Web can allow people to conveniently follow distance courses from their homes.Objective: To present an experience in the use of the Web in the continuing education of healthcare professionals in Brazil.Methods: A Web-based distance education course in nutrition in public health was developed. the methodology was an adaptation of both problem-based and task-based learning. At the end of the course an evaluation questionnaire which covered the course's contents, the educational methodology and resources, the duration and schedule, and the use of the Web as a tool for distance education was given to the students.Results: There were 83 on line registrations from 13 states, 73 of the applicants were female, 62 had a degree in nutrition and 18 were physicians. From these; eleven students from ten states were chosen: nine female nutritionists, two female physicians, and one male physician. Seven students completed the course, took and passed the final exam. of the other four students, two failed to follow the schedule, one had health problems, and one did not obtain the minimal score for sitting the final exam. the students had a mean age of 35, and a mean of ten years in practice. They all stated that they were unable to attend a regular course, even though they felt that they needed to improve their professional skills. Most of them studied seven days a week for between two and four hours a day. the students also felt that their professional skills had improved and each reported having made changes in their practice as a result of their participation. the students approved of the course's contents, methodology and resources, however they were divided about its duration. the Web as a tool in distance education was approved by the students. If it was not for the Web they could not have taken part in a continuing education program. All students said they would attend another virtual course, if available. Even though most of them did not have difficulty adapting to the virtual environment, they did feel that an adaptation period would be of value.Conclusions: A Web-based course may be more effective than other distance education methodologies because it is more interactive and dynamic. On-line material can be constantly reviewed and updated, and the students can have the opportunity to submit commentaries or questions directly to the teaching staff. A Web-based course also allows the students to go beyond the course content as they learn how to search and take advantage of the huge resources of information available on the Internet.