Navegando por Palavras-chave "Recomendações Nutricionais"

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    Estimativa de consumo de sódio pela população brasileira, 2008-2009
    (Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 2013-06-01) Sarno, Flavio; Claro, Rafael Moreira; Levy, Renata Bertazzi; Bandoni, Daniel Henrique [UNIFESP]; Monteiro, Carlos Augusto; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Departamento de Nutrição; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVE:To update estimates of sodium intake in Brazil.METHODS:We used data from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey of 2008-2009. Records of food purchases of households were converted into nutrients using food composition tables. Mean sodium availability per person per day and mean adjusted availability for a 2,000 kcal daily energy intake were calculated. The contribution of food groups to the total household sodium availability was calculated and compared to results estimated from the 2002-2003 Household Budget Survey.RESULTS:Mean daily sodium available for consumption in Brazilian households was 4.7 g per 2,000 kcal per day, thus still more than twice the recommended levels of intake for this nutrient. Although most of the sodium available for intake is derived from table salt or salt-based condiments (74.4%), the fraction derived from processed foods with added salt showed a strong linear increase with household income (12.3% of total sodium intake in the lower quintile of per capita income distribution and 27.0% in the upper quintile). There was a reduction in the contribution of salt and salt-based condiments (76.2% to 74.4%) and fresh or processed foods without added salt (6.6% to 4.8%) and an increase of processed foods with added salt (15.8% to 18.9%) and ready meals (1.4% to 1.6%), when compared to results estimated from the 2002-2003 Household Budget Survey.CONCLUSIONS:Sodium intake in Brazil remains at levels above the recommended maximum for this nutrient in all Brazilian macro regions and income strata. There was stability in the total household sodium availability, and an increase in the fraction from processed foods with addition of salt and ready meals, when comparing 2008-2009 with 2002-2003.
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    Ingestão alimentar entre crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso: o que mostra o perfil de ácidos graxos da dieta em relação ao grau de processamento de alimentos
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-04-26) Almeida, Viviane Bellucci Pires de [UNIFESP]; Domene, Semíramis Martins Álvares [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Diet for overweight children and adolescents is aimed at reducing adipose tissue without compromising the supply of nutrients and bioactive compounds necessary for growth and development. It has been shown that fat intake greater than 35% of dietary energy, with more than 8% saturated fat and 1% trans fat, constitutes a risk factor for chronic diseases. The effects of excess fat intake include an increase in energy density and stimulation of the inflammatory processes related to obesity. The Food Guide for the Brazilian Population highlights the health benefits associated with reducing consumption of ultra-processed foods. However, little is known about dietary fatty acids and food intake as related to the extent of food processing in these life stages. Objective. To analyze the diet of overweight children and adolescents and to assess the association between dietary variables, especially the intake of fatty acids that have been identified as potential modulators of inflammation, according to the extent of food processing. Method. Cross-sectional study based on convenience sampling of 149 overweight schoolchildren ages 8 to 11 in the city of São Paulo. Selected individuals were overweight, with Body Mass Index for age Z score >1. The sample was composed of 149 students and food intake was estimated from responses to an Eating Frequency Questionnaire; the data were processed by the NDS program, which produced the energy and nutrient estimates. The foods were organized in accordance with the NOVA system, which classifies food based on the extend of industrial processing. The difference between the means were tested using Student’s t-test (for categorical variables) or Anova (for variables with more than two categories), using a significance level of 5%. Results: The average age of students was 9.6 years. The average daily energy intake was 2,032 Kcal. Carbohydrates supplied 51.2% of total energy, while proteins accounted for 15.5% and fats 33.3%. The components with the highest prevalence of inadequate intake were calcium and vitamin E (> 81%); vitamin D (> 94%) and saturated fat, dietary fiber and added sugar (> 97%). Approximately 20% of subjects had omega 6:3 ratios above 10:1. All students consumed more omega 6 than recommended and more sodium than the maximum tolerable amount. Among the intake tertiles in group 1 (raw/ minimally processed foods), higher consumption was associated with an increase in the intake of n6 and n3, with a significant reduction in the n6:n3 ratio, while for the tertiles in group 3 (ultra-processed foods), there was a significant increase in both the intake of omega 6 and 3, as in the n6:n3 ratio. Ultra-processed foods represented 36% of total dietary energy intake.
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    Qualidade nutricional, adequacao as recomendacoes nutricionais e obediencia ao cardapio de refeicoes do almoco servidas em creches publicas municipais
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011) Alves, Marcia Aurelina de Oliveira [UNIFESP]
    Avaliar a qualidade nutricional, atraves de analise quimica, de almocos servidos a criancas de sete a doze e de treze a trinta e seis meses de idade em creches publicas, e avaliar o atendimento as necessidades nutricionais. Avaliar qualitativamente os almocos prescritos e os oferecidos as criancas de sete a doze e de treze a vinte quatro meses de idade e determinar o percentual de obediencia aos cardapios prescritos. Metodos: Sessenta amostras representativas do cardapio anual foram coletadas e avaliadas durante seis semanas consecutivas. Foram determinados macronutrientes, energia, ferro e cloreto de sodio segundo metodos padronizados. Antropometria e determinacao de hemoglobina foram realizadas em 521 e 490 criancas, respectivamente. Os cardapios prescritos e os oferecidos foram avaliados segundo a presenca dos grupos de alimentos recomendados pelo Ministerio da Saúde. Utilizaram-se tambem criterios propostos para analise qualitativa de preparacoes do cardapio. A obediencia aos cardapios prescritos foi calculada assim como as omissoes, adicoes e substituicoes de alimentos nos cardapios oferecidos. Resultados: Energia e macronutrientes foram significativamente menores nas refeicoes destinadas as criancas de sete a doze meses de idade. Ferro e sodio nao mostraram diferencas entre os grupos. A quantidade de energia, lipidios e carboidratos fornecidos pela refeicao, foram menores que o recomendado em pelo menos 50% das refeicoes. Proteinas, fibra alimentar e sodio apresentaram quantidades maiores que as recomendacoes nutricionais para ambas as faixas etarias. O teor de ferro foi menor que o recomendado em 60% das refeicoes da faixa etaria de sete a doze meses. A prevalencia de anemia atingiu 41% das criancas mais novas com razao de chance de 3,74. O z escore (0,050) no indicador peso/idade foi significantemente menor no grupo de sete a doze meses de idade. Apenas quinze alimentos foram prescritos no cardapio anual. Ainda assim, as refeicoes prescritas tiveram maior proporcao de atendimento aos criterios assim como aquelas oferecidas as criancas de treze a vinte e quatro meses de idade. A maior frequencia de alimentos com cores iguais e mais repeticao de preparacoes ocorreram em maior proporcao nas refeicoes servidas. Nao houve obediencia total ao cardapio prescrito em nenhum dos trinta almocos servidos as criancas de sete a doze meses. A omissao de alimentos foi a nao-obediencia mais frequente (64%; 101/158), particularmente de arroz, feijao, carne bovina, beterraba, cenoura, tomate, repolho e carne suina. Nos almocos servidos as criancas de treze a vinte e quatro meses houve obediencia total em 6 (20%). Conclusoes: As refeicoes nao atenderam as recomendacoes nutricionais de energia, lipidios e carboidratos em grande parte das refeicoes oferecidas nos dois grupos etarios. As refeicoes da faixa etaria de sete a doze meses apresentaram qualidade nutricional inferior possivelmente devido as substituicoes por sopas e a necessidade de adequar a consistencia. A monotonia dos cardapios foi devida tanto a nao-prescricao dos grupos de alimentos como a nao-obediencia aos cardapios, podendo ter repercussoes negativas na formacao dos habitos alimentares iniciados com a alimentacao complementar