Navegando por Palavras-chave "Sexual violence"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Abuso sexual infantil intrafamiliar e a escuta dos pediatras(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011-03-30) Pavao, Maria Theresa [UNIFESP]; Oliveira, Eleonora Menicucci de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This research intends to analyze, through a qualitative approach and a case study, the narratives of Pediatricians from the basic health care service of Embu County and one specialized clinic in Sao Paulo County, with the purpose of learning how these professionals deal with the question of child sexual abuse. The data collection was made through non-participative observation techniques, semi-structured recorded interviews and registrations in a field notebook. The data were presented through the construction of narratives from the analysis of the recorded interviews following the orientation of Pope et al. (2009), which resulted in the construction of empiric axels, to be noted: a) the pediatricians facing the sexual abuse situation; b) ambiguity upon the notification; c) the necessity for finding physical signs and d) the question of ties with the patient and with the institution. The results show that sexual child abuse brings out emotional reactions in the professionals which harm the diagnostic objectiveness. On the other hand, they point out that bonding with patients helps better knowing them, thus allowing the detection of foul play, outthought most insist in finding evidence of physical signs of abuse. Despite all the training on sexual abuse which the majority of professionals go through, a common notion persists that when one notifies the suspicion of a case of abuse, it may cause not only personal, but also professional problems. We still point out that while the inefficiency of the law exists and considering the care demanded when a child enters the health care service, the importance of the sensitivity of the protective role exercised by these professionals at the moment they elect not to miss the opportunity of notification of suspicious or detected abuse cases, taking into consideration their co-responsibility for the continuation or not of the violence suffered by such child.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Abuso sexual na infância e uso de cocaína na vida adulta: uma relação íntima(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2018-07-04) Bragiato, Emi Carneiro [UNIFESP]; Silveira Filho, Dartiu Xavier da [UNIFESP]; Fidalgo, Thiago Marques [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2125056709432095; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2010156335882253; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objective: To investigate the association between the occurrence of sexual abuse in childhood and the development of dependence on snorted or smoked cocaine (crack) in adult life. Methods: This is an observational and retrospective study whose sample is based on a data collected from medical records obtained between 2008 to 2016. A descriptive statistical analysis and a study of the association between explanatory and demographic data, sexual abuse in childhood with the outcome (use of smoked or aspirated cocaine) wereas carried out. Then, a logistic regression was used to analyze the associations. Results: Among men, 13.5% reported having been sexually abused, and among women 36%. Those who used crack or snorted cocaine were 65.3% of the sample (n = 405). Men were more likely to be cocaine users than women (OR = 2.68; CI95%: 1.435.01; p = 0.002); participants who suffered sexual abuse in childhood were more likely to be in the group of cocaine users. (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.324.61, p = 0.003). Conclusion: The prevalence of drug users with a history of childhood sexual abuse is high and it is necessary for centers specialized in the treatment of these patients to investigate the occurrence of sexual violence in childhood or adolescence. Although child sexual abuse is a major problem with harmful consequences, very little progress has been made in discussing and developing public policies that can protect the abused child or adolescent.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Fatores associados a mudança de decisão em realizar o abortamento de gestação decorrente de violência sexual: Hospital Pérola Byington - 1994-2012(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2013) Pimentel, Renata Martins [UNIFESP]; Silva, Rebeca de Souza e [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5974676551613788; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417020520652193; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Introdução: A tentativa de se conhecer mulheres que realizam abortamento sempre foi tarefa ardua e a partir da decada de 80 comecou a se investigar essa questao, tendo inicio busca por esses numeros e o perfil dessas. No Brasil, a legislacao sobre o abortamento encontra-se entre as mais restritivas, crime previsto pelo Codigo Penal com penalidades para a mulher e para o medico que o praticam. No entanto, a interrupcao voluntaria da gravidez e permitida por lei em situacoes especiais, entre elas em casos de gravidez resultante de estupro. Em alguns estudos foram encontrados 20% de casos que tiveram desistencia em dar continuidade a interrupcao dessa gestacao. Inumeros sao os motivos que podem levar essas mulheres a nao realizacao do abortamento, porem pouco se sabe sobre o perfil dessas mulheres. Assim, nesta perspectiva, buscou- se destacar no presente estudo o perfil de mulheres que desistem de realizar o abortamento apos dar inicio a sua solicitacao. E, identificar suas caracteristicas de acordo com os dados inicialmente levantados em prontuarios.Objetivo: Caracterizar fatores associados na mudanca de decisao em realizar o abortamento de gestacao decorrente de violencia sexual. Metodo: foram avaliados 1236 prontuarios junto ao Hospital Perola Byington u referentes ao periodo de agosto de 1994 a dezembro de 2012. Todas as mulheres sob analise tiveram autorizacao para a realizacao do aborto legal. Tomando-se como resposta ter ou nao realizado o aborto consentido e como independentes a variaveis disponiveis no prontuario recorreu-se a analise de regressao logistica multipla para determinar os fatores expressivos para a explicacao da desistencia do abortamento. Resultados: os fatores relacionados a baixa escolaridade, conhecimento do agressor e serem abordadas na residencia do agressor foram significantes para a desistencia do abortamento. Enquanto que as outras variaveis, de forma isolada, nao apresentaram significancia estatistica. No entanto, quando analisadas associacoes das variaveis observou interacoes entre as variaveis religiao com escolaridade e com autor conhecido sendo, portanto, significativas para a desistencia do abortamento. Conclusao: Ter religiao aumenta as chances de nao realizar abortamento quando a escolaridade e superior ao ensino fundamental ou o autor da violencia ser conhecido da vitima
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Sexual abuse and alcohol use among women in metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil: a general population study(Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva, 2013-12-01) Oliveira, Janaina Barbosa De; Kerr-correa, Florence; Lima, Maria Cristina Pereira; Bertolote, Jose Manoel; Tucci, Adriana Marcassa [UNIFESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE:The present study aimed at estimating the prevalence of lifetime sexual abuse among women and at investigating its association with alcohol consumption.METHOD:Population-based survey conducted through a representative and stratified cluster sample of metropolitan São Paulo. GENACIS questionnaire was used. Sample unit was the home, and all residents aged 18 years and over were interviewed. The outcome was lifetime sexual abuse. The univariate statistical analysis used the Rao-Scott test. Logistic regression was used for the multivariate analysis.RESULTS:The final sample totalized 1,216 women aged 18 years and over; the response rate was 75.0%. Most women were married (56.6%) and had less than 12 years of formal education (59.0%); 46.2% were aged between 25 and 44 years, and 44.4% had a low income. Of the respondents, 7.5% reported having suffered lifetime sexual abuse. Multiple logistic regression model showed an association between lifetime sexual abuse and being a heavy drinker (OR = 4.97) and being a former drinker (OR = 2.04).CONCLUSIONS:There are few population studies in Brazil investigating sexual abuse and its relation to alcohol use. Although the prevalence of lifetime sexual abuse in the present study was smaller than that observed in other studies, it is a highly expressive percentage on account of its social and economic impact, as well as its potential effect on the health system.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosSexual trauma is more strongly associated with tonic immobility than other types of trauma - A population based study(Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Kalaf, Juliana; Freire Coutinho, Evandro Silva; Pereira Vilete, Liliane Maria; Luz, Mariana Pires; Berger, William; Mendlowicz, Mauro; Volchan, Eliane; Andreoli, Sergio Baxter [UNIFESP]; Quintana, Maria Ines [UNIFESP]; Mari, Jair de Jesus [UNIFESP]; Figueira, IvanBackground: Tonic immobility is an involuntary motor and vocal inhibition reaction, considered the last-ditch response of the defensive cascade model. It is elicited in context of inescapable threat and perception of entrapment. Our aim was to investigate the association between different traumatic events and peritraumatic tonic immobility (PTI) in a representative sample of the general population. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of general population from Rio de Janeiro and S (a) over tildeo Paulo with 3231 victims of traumatic events aged 15-75 years who completed the Tonic Immobility Scale (TIS). We calculated the frequency of the different traumatic events and estimated the mean scores with 95% confidence intervals for each traumatic event, controlling for the potential confounders using multiple linear regression models. Finally, we calculated the proportion of individual scoring zero in TIS for the 16 traumatic events. Results: PTI scores in child sexual abuse and adult sexual violence were almost twice as high as in other types of traumatic events, even when controlled for gender and educational level. Torture and war also showed high PTI scores, but these were based on very small number of cases and need to be interpreted with caution. Furthermore, victims of sexual trauma had the lowest proportion of individuals with total absence of PTI symptoms. Limitations: This is a cross-sectional study and causal inferences must be drawn with caution. Conclusions: Peritraumatic tonic immobility is more strongly associated with sexual trauma, particularly in childhood, than to other types of trauma in the general population.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Violência sexual contra adolescentes e adultos jovens e estilos parentais(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2019) Landi, Carlos Alberto [UNIFESP]; Vitalle, Maria Sylvia de Souza [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0789020640080002; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8920330155648019Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de adolescentes e adultos jovens vítimas de violência sexual, e a relação entre estilos parentais e a ocorrência de violência sexual. Métodos: Foram entrevistados estudantes universitários, matriculados nos cursos de Medicina, Biomedicina, Fonoaudiologia e Enfermagem, do Campus São Paulo, da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, menores de 25 anos, em 2016 e 2017. Foram utilizados os instrumentos: questionários de perfil, de comportamento e de avaliação de nível socioeconômico, para caracterizar a amostra (Abep-2014); Inventário de Estilos Parentais (IEP) – consiste em sete práticas educativas (monitoria positiva, comportamento moral, negligência, monitoria negativa, punição inconsistente, disciplina relaxada, abuso físico e psicológico) e questionário sobre exposição a eventos traumatizantes (Quesi) – com/sem abuso. O trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital São Paulo, Unifesp, nº 1572/05. A análise estatística inicial foi descritiva e inferencial, para aplicar a Regressão Logística Multivariada e avaliar fatores de risco para violência sexual associados aos estilos parentais. Resultados: De 861 alunos, 71 (8,24%) foram vítimas de violência sexual, 52 (73,23%) do sexo feminino. O Inventário de Estilos Parentais mostra que, em vítimas de violência sexual, há predomínio dos estilos menos protetivos (p=0,002), com maiores escores nas práticas: punição inconsistente (p=0,003), negligência (p=0,001), monitoria negativa (p=0,017) e abuso físico (p<0,001). A regressão logística mostra que a chance de um indivíduo ser vítima aumenta 11% a cada aumento de um escore de negligência, e 23,4% a cada aumento do escore de abuso físico. Quanto à monitoria positiva, a chance de um indivíduo ser vítima reduz 10% a cada aumento de um escore (p=0,009). Conclusões: Os estilos parentais influenciam diretamente a possibilidade de ocorrência de abuso sexual – monitoria positiva é fator protetor, enquanto negligência e abuso físico (punição) aumentam o risco de o indivíduo ser vítima.