Navegando por Palavras-chave "Sexually Transmitted Diseases"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Discrimination, stigma, and AIDS: a review of academic literature produced in Brazil (2005-2010)(Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 2012-01-01) Monteiro, Simone; Villela, Wilza Vieira [UNIFESP]; Knauth, Daniela; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Faculdade de MedicinaGiven the implications of stigma for HIV/AIDS prevention and control of the epidemic, as emphasized by UNAIDS, this study analyzes the Brazilian academic production on health, AIDS, stigma, and discrimination, available in the SciELO database from 2005 to 2010. Brazilian research on the theme is modest as compared to the international literature, but the studies follow the same trend of focusing on individual experiences of discrimination as opposed to analysis of stigma and discrimination as social processes associated with power relations and domination (macro-social structures) and the characteristics of individuals and social groups that shape social interactions. The current study seeks to analyze the reasons for the scarcity of studies on the social perspective towards stigma and discrimination in the field of public health and the implications for the development of proposals to deal with HIV/AIDS-related discrimination.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)The gender approach in community AIDS projects in Mozambique: agreement and disagreement between government and civil society(Cadernos Saude Publica, 2009-03-01) Villela, Wilza Vieira [UNIFESP]; Barber-Madden, Rosemary; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Franca; Columbia UnivThis article discusses some areas where government and civil society converge and clash in their gender approaches in community HIV/AIDS projects in Mozambique, based on an evaluative study conducted in 2006 encompassing 160 of the 1,124 NGO projects undertaken with the support of the country's national AIDS council, known as the Conselho Nacional de Combate ao SIDA (CNCS). An analysis of projects and official documents shows that, for the CNCS, the term gender represents a way of underscoring the epidemic's impact on women. In community projects, the gender approach often times finds expression in initiatives to mitigate the economic impact of the epidemic on widows. Initiatives aimed at men and at the population as a whole generally pay little attention to power relations between men and women or their affect on the epidemic. This suggests that any endeavor to transfer Western analytical techniques or forms of intervention for coping with the HIV/AIDS epidemic to other regions of the world demands painstaking efforts to translate these and adapt them to local cultural standards.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosSex with Animals (SWA): Behavioral Characteristics and Possible Association with Penile Cancer. A Multicenter Study(Wiley-Blackwell, 2012-07-01) Zequi, Stenio de Cassio; Guimaraes, Gustavo Cardoso; Fonseca, Francisco Paulo da; Ferreira, Ubirajara; Matheus, Wagner Eduardo de; Reis, Leonardo Oliveira; Aita, Giuliano Amorim; Glina, Sidney; Soares Fanni, Victor Silvestre; Cardenuto Perez, Marjo Denisson; Montez Guidoni, Luiz Renato; Ortiz, Valdemar [UNIFESP]; Nogueira, Lucas; Almeida Rocha, Luis Carlos de; Cuck, Gustavo; Costa, Walter Henriques da; Moniz, Ravendra Ryan; Dantas, Jose Hipolito; Soares, Fernando Augusto; Lopes, Ademar; Hosp AC Camargo Fund Antonio Prudente; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Hosp Sao Marcus; Hosp Ipiranga; FCMSCSP; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG); Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR); Hosp Aeronaut São Paulo; Urol Serv Hosp; Univ Fed Rio Grande do NorteIntroduction. Zoophilia has been known for a long time but, underreported in the medical literature, is likely a risk factor for human urological diseases. Aim. To investigate the behavioral characteristics of sex with animals (SWA) and its associations with penile cancer (PC) in a case-control study. Methods. A questionnaire about personal and sexual habits was completed in interviews of 118 PC patients and 374 controls (healthy men) recruited between 2009 and 2010 from 16 urology and oncology centers. Main Outcome Measures. SWA rates, geographic distribution, duration, frequency, animals involved, and behavioral habits were investigated and used to estimate the odds of SWA as a PC risk factor. Results. SWA was reported by 171 (34.8%) subjects, 44.9% of PC patients and 31.6% of controls (P < 0.008). the mean ages at first and last SWA episode were 13.5 years (standard deviation [SD] 4.4 years) and 17.1 years (SD 5.3 years), respectively. Subjects who reported SWA also reported more venereal diseases (P < 0.001) and sex with prostitutes (P < 0.001), and were more likely to have had more than 10 lifetime sexual partners (P < 0.001) than those who did not report SWA. SWA with a group of men was reported by 29.8% of subjects and SWA alone was reported by 70.2%. Several animals were used by 62% of subjects, and 38% always used the same animal. the frequency of SWA included single (14%), weekly or more (39.5%), and monthly episodes (15%). Univariate analysis identified phimosis, penile premalignancies, smoking, nonwhite race, sex with prostitutes, and SWA as PC risk factors. Phimosis, premalignant lesions, smoking, and SWA remained as risk factors in multivariate analysis. However, SWA did not impact the clinicopathological outcomes of PC. Conclusion. SWA is a risk factor for PC and may be associated with venereal diseases. New studies are required in other populations to test other possible nosological links with SWA. Zequi SC, Guimaraes GC, da Fonseca FP, Ferreira U, de Matheus WE, Reis LO, Aita GA, Glina S, Fanni VSS, Perez MDC, Guidoni LRM, Ortiz V, Nogueira L, Rocha LCA, Cuck G, da Costa WH, Moniz RR, Dantas Jr. JH, Soares FA, and Lopes A. Sex with animals (SWA): Behavioral characteristics and possible association with penile cancer. A multicenter study. J Sex Med 2012;9:18771884.