Navegando por Palavras-chave "Street Drugs"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Avaliação da memória operacional fonológica e impulsividade de usuários de drogas atendidos em um Centro de Atenção Integrada à Saúde Mental(CEFAC Saúde e Educação, 2012-06-01) Costa, Luciana Lopes Silva; Navas, Ana Luiza Gomes Pinto; Oliveira, Christian Cesar Cândido; Ratto, Lilian Ribeiro Caldas; Carvalho, Kamila Helena Prior De [UNIFESP]; Silva, Helio Rodrigues Da; Lopes, Cristiane; Tieppo, Carla Andréa; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Metodista de São Paulo Faculdade da Saúde; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São PauloPURPOSE: to evaluate the phonological working memory abilities and check possible influences of impulsivity in patients starting treatment at the program for Alcohol and Drug users at CAISM. METHOD: 29 patients: 21 males and 8 females, drug users, 37.9±10.5 year old and with 10.59±3.53 years of schooling; and 30 volunteers: 19 males and 11 female, 32.4±11.9 year old and 11.07±3.29 years of schooling, with no psychiatric history or substance abuse freely participated. The subjects were asked to attend the specific evaluation, aiming to assess: 1) phonological working memory for words and pseudowords, 2) impulsivity in its second order factors (attention impulsiveness, motor and non-planning). RESULTS: concerning the performance of the subjects in the drug users' group in the evaluation of phonological working memory when compared to the control group we found a reduction in both the auditory word span and pseudowords, as well as the total number of correct recalls of words and pseudowords. In the evaluation of impulsivity, the group of drug users had high scores comparing to control subjects in all subtypes related to impulsivity, including the total score of impulsivity. There were no correlations among impulsivity scores and words and/or pseudowords' span. CONCLUSION: this pattern of responses indicates impairment in verbal working memory processing and high level of impulsivity in this population of chronic drug users. The poor performance of chronic drug users on all tests of phonological working memory is probably not due to the increased noted impulsivity. These analyses help to plan treatment strategies intended towards the detected alterations.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Drug use among street children and adolescents: what helps?(Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 2012-07-01) Moura, Yone Gonçalves de [UNIFESP]; Sanchez, Zila van der Meer [UNIFESP]; Opaleye, Emérita S. [UNIFESP]; Neiva-Silva, Lucas; Koller, Silvia H.; Noto, Ana Regina [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Instituto de Ciências Humanas e da Informação; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Instituto de PsicologiaThe aim of this study was to investigate factors associated to frequent and heavy drug use among street children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years. A sample of 2,807 street children and adolescents from the 27 Brazilian state capital cities was analyzed. A World Health Organization questionnaire for non-students was adapted for use in Brazil. Data analysis was performed using logistic regression and decision tree models. Factors inversely associated with frequent and heavy drug use were: being age nine to 11 years (OR = 0.1); school attendance (OR = 0.3); daily time (one to five hours) spent on the streets (OR = 0.3 and 0.4); not sleeping on the streets (OR = 0.4); being on the streets for less than one year (OR = 0.4); maintenance of some family bonds (OR = 0.5); presence on the streets of a family member (OR = 0.6); not suffering domestic violence (OR = 0.6); being female (OR = 0.8). All of these variables were significant at the p < 0.05 level. The findings suggest that being younger, having family bonds and engagement in school are important protective factors that affect drug use among this population and should be considered in the formulation of public policies.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Fatores associados à implantação de programas de prevenção ao uso de drogas nas escolas(Amer Soc Microbiology, 2016) Pereira, Ana Paula Dias [UNIFESP]; Paes, Angela Tavares [UNIFESP]; Sanchez, Zila M. [UNIFESP]OBJECTIVE: To analyze if characteristics of managers, schools, and curriculum are associated with the implementation of programs for drug abuse prevention in elementary and high schools. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, with random sample of 263 school managers. Data were collected between 2012 and 2013 by a program that sends forms via internet. A closed self-filling questionnaire was applied online. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests and logistic regression models. The outcome variable was the presence of program for drug abuse prevention inserted in the daily life and educational program of the school. The explanatory variables were divided into: demographic data of the manager characteristics of the school and of the curriculum health education and drug use in the school. RESULTS: We found that 42.5% (95% CI 36.1-49.1) of the evaluated schools had programs for drug abuse prevention. With the multiple logistic regression model, we observed that the more time the manager has worked with education, the chance of the school having a program increased at about 4.0%. Experimenting with innovative teaching techniques also increased at about six times the chance of the school developing a program for drug abuse prevention. The difficulties in the implementation of the programs were more present in state and municipal schools, when compared with private schools, due to, for instance: lack of teaching materials, lack of money, and competing demands for teaching other subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of programs for drug abuse prevention in the city of Sao Paulo is associated with the experience of the manager in education and with the teaching strategies of the school.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Gravidez na adolescência e uso freqüente de álcool e drogas no contexto familiar(Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 2008-06-01) Caputo, Valeria Garcia [UNIFESP]; Bordin, Isabel Altenfelder Santos [UNIFESP]; Faculdade de Medicina de Marília; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: To assess individual and family factors associated to teenage pregnancy, including frequent use of alcohol and illicit drugs by family members. METHODS: Case-control study conducted with a sample of 408 sexually active female adolescents (aged 13-17 years) in school from the city of Marília (Southeastern Brazil) in 2003-2004. Cases consisted of 100 primigravid teenagers assisted in prenatal care programs in health units. Controls were 308 nulligravid students from state public schools. Standardized instruments identified demographic and educational factors, contraceptive behavior, mental health problems, and family characteristics. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests and logistic regression models. RESULTS: Low paternal education (p=0.01), lack of information on sexuality and fertilization (p=0.001) and the use of illicit drugs by a resident family member (p=0.006) were independent risk factors. Family income per capita and asking the partner to use a condom were confounders. CONCLUSIONS: The frequent use of illicit drugs by a resident family member is a factor strongly associated to teenage pregnancy, regardless of other risk factors. The expectation of going to college constitutes a protective factor, mainly in the presence of low maternal education.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Profile of cocaine and crack users in Brazil(Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 2008-01-01) Duailibi, Lígia Bonacim [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro, Marcelo [UNIFESP]; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This article aims to systematize the profile of cocaine and crack users in Brazil. The study adopted a literature review of the MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane Library databases and CAPES thesis/dissertation database. Data were grouped in thematic categories: national household surveys, surveys of specific population groups, profile of patients that seek treatment, and mortality and morbidity. Within each category the principal findings from the Brazilian literature were described and then discussed. The article concludes that the information on cocaine and crack consumption in Brazil is still incipient, but that the scientific community can already draw on a relevant theoretical corpus that can be used to update current public policies on this issue.