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    A comunidade de primatas não-humanos em remanescentes florestais do território indígena Potiguara, na Paraíba, Brasil
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2015-05-29) Pessoa, Taina Sherlakyann Alves [UNIFESP]; Gomes, Mauricio Talebi [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Estimates about groups size, density and composition of primates are commons in the papers, because they are a solid base for futures studies in landscape ecology and ethology, for example. They are also essential to know the conservation status of species in an area. On this perspective, the use forms of nature by traditional communities may change the dynamic population and thus threaten the long term conservation those species. Therefore, to combine the knowledge about the population aspects of a specie and potential threats for habitat them is the first step to infer their conservation status. The aim of this study was to identify occurrence areas, size, abundance, density and age and sex composition of primates non humans in forest remnants inside Indigenous Lands (IL) Potiguara, in Paraíba state, as well as to investigate the cinegetic activities and timber exploration practiced by indigenous communities. From August 2013 to December 2014 were conducted interviews and tours to confirm the occurrence of species and to identify the anthropic activities practiced in the study area, as well as also the linear transect and camera trap methods for population survey of primates in forest remnants with occurrence confirmed. Sapajus flavius species presented low encounter rate, although be well distributed in Indigenous Lands Potiguara and their age structure indicate high reproductive rate. On the other hand, Alouatta belzebul probably occur in restricted habitat patches, for was located in two points only. The incipient information for A. belzebul here obtained maybe reflect a past scenario of high feeding of this animal by indigenous. Callithrix jacchus, in turn, shows density highest than in other areas of Atlantic Forest in Northeastern, but their groups have average size low. The timber exploration has great representation in IL Potiguara, constituting the habitat loss as the current threat main to primates. All economic tensions derived from rural and urban occupation should possibly have influenced the way in which these traditional populations use the resources of their surroundings. Therefore, is expected by this study to strengthen short and long term strategies, such as environmental surveillance and the development of profitable economic alternatives in the sociocultural context where subjects are involved, joining forces with the government, since to identify the different values that local communities embed to components of the natural environment is elementary for conducting effective conservation strategies. Key-words: Primates, Occurrence, Density, Threats, Conservation, Potiguara, Indigenous.