Navegando por Palavras-chave "Vaginal smears"

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    Avaliação do Programa Nacional de Controle do Câncer do Colo do Útero no Estado de Mato Grosso: impacto sobre o perfil da doença
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010-10-28) Nakagawa, Janete Tamami Tomiyoshi [UNIFESP]; Schirmer, Janine [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    In 2002, the State joined the second phase of intensification of the National Program for the Control of Cervical Cancer (PNCCU) as a measure to deal with the high rates of the disease and of death by cervical neoplasia. With the aim of analyzing the main PNCCU results, a two-stage study was carried out. The first phase aimed at presenting the disease profile and the coverage of the screening exam by the PNCCU in the State. The aims of the second phase were to analyze the clinical follow-up of the population that was screened, analyze the different evolutionary characteristics of the disease associated to socio-demographic and clinic factors, as well as analyze the factors associated to death risk and the stratified survival rate by the socio-demographic and clinical variables of women that presented invasive carcinoma. In the first part, the cross-sectional study was used and a cohort study was used in the second phase. The period of study was from 2002 to 2007 and comprised all the municipalities of the State of Mato Grosso. The population studied in the first phase of the study was all the women who had undergone the screening test in 2002. The population used in the second phase of the study was a representative random sample of those that presented cytological alterations in the first phase of the study, a total of 323 women. The source of data used was the official health information system, among them the SISCOLO, SIM, APAC, and also the official data of the State Health Department/MT (SES/MT), data available in the INCA and DATASUS sites and medical records. For the statistical analysis of the data, descriptive and inferential techniques were used. In the descriptive part, tables, graphics and position and dispersion measures were used. In order to evaluate the risk of being sick due to invasive cervical carcinoma, the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used. The Kaplan-Meier estimator was used to analyze the survival rate and to analyze the prognostic factors, the Cox proportional hazards model was used. Among the main results it is highlighted that in 2002, Mato Grosso presented high incidence rates, above the national average. The data of the clinical follow up showed the different clinical outcomes, among the 323 women, 18 (6,2%) died having as the basic cause of death the cervical cancer. The risk of the disease developing into the invasive carcinoma was analyzed according to the socio-demographic and clinical variables, and the variables: age group, marital status, smoking history, menopause and municipality were those that presented a strong association with the disease in the invasive phase. However, in the survival analysis, the global survival rate in 60 months, estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, was of 66,7%. In the final Cox proportional hazards model, the variables with higher death risk was the advanced stage of the disease and the race/color. These data lead to a conclusion that the disease in the State of Mato Grosso has a very large social determination, considering the difficulties in the access to the health services by the population affected by racial, socio-economic conditions that arrive in the health services with the disease in an advanced stage, when the survival probability is very small. The conclusion is that for the effective fight against the disease governmental policies such as the PNCCU are necessary, and that the universality of the assistance be guaranteed, mainly to the socially disadvantaged population.
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    Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in female athletes in São Paulo, Brazil
    (Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, 2014-03-01) Araujo, Maíta Poli de; Kleine, Henrique Truffa; Parmigiano, Tathiana Rebizzi; Gomes, Natalia Tavares; Caparroz, Graziela Pascom; Silva, Ismael Dale Cotrim Guerreiro da [UNIFESP]; Girão, Manoel João Batista Castello [UNIFESP]; Sartori, Marair Gracio Ferreira [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Objective: To determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in female athletes. Method: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted including 50 female athletes with mean age of 20±3 years. Colposcopy, pap smear, and polymerase chain reaction for Chlamydia trachomatis, human papillomavirus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were performed. Blood samples were collected to test for the human immunodeficiency virus, syphilis, hepatitis B and C. The athletes presenting clinical diseases or conditions identifiable by laboratory tests were treated and followed up in the unit. Result: Forty-six percent of the participants were unaware of sexually transmitted diseases. The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among athletes was 48% (24 cases). Human papillomavirus was the most frequent agent (44%). Considering the human papillomavirus genotypes, subtype 16 was the most prevalent (53%), followed by 11-6 (22%) and 18 (13%). Two athletes tested positive for C. trachomatis. There were no cases diagnosed of infection by N. gonorrhoeae, syphilis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus. However, only 26 athletes had been vaccinated for hepatitis B. Conclusion: The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in female athletes was high. Primary prevention measures (hepatitis B and human papillomavirus vaccination) and secondary (serology, pap smears) must be offered to this specific group of women. The matter should be further approached in sports.
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    Prevalência de realização de exame de Papanicolaou em dois inquéritos domiciliários realizados no município de São Paulo em 1987 e 2001/2002
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010-10-27) Ozawa, Carolina [UNIFESP]; Prado, Mariangela Cainelli de Oliveira [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The cancer is still a major public health issue in the world. In the developing countries the incidence will be twice as much as in the developed countries (World Health Organization - WHO). In Brazil, INCA (National Cancer Institute) estimates that the most common types of cancer on women are breast cancer and cervical cancer and the mortality rates for Cervical Cancer are not showing any decrease tendencies till these days. The WHO recommends an 80% coverage of the Pap Smear in women between 25 and 59 years of age, what would be adequate to cause an impact in reducing the morbidity and mortality that would be observed 4 years after implementing early detection actions. The proposal of the present study is to estimate changes on the prevalence of the “once in a lifetime” Pap Smear screening in women between 15 and 59 years-old living in the city of São Paulo. The evaluated data were collected by self-referred answers from two home surveys performed in the years of 1987 and 2001-2002. The study verified if the screening was performed according to some personal attributes as age distribution, skin color, marital status, years of education and tendency to die from cervical cancer in the same period. The study included women from 15 to 59 years of age, being 968 on the first inquire and 1125 on the second inquire. The prevalence for the “once in a lifetime” Pap Smear increased in 24% between the two inquiries (from 68.8% in 1987 to 85% in 2001-2002) and the greater majority was submitted to this exam in less than three years from the survey (from 88.3% to 92.7%). The prevalence increased from 1987 to 2001-2002 in all age distributions, except in women with ages between 15-19 years-old. In the skin-color variable, there was a greater increase in the prevalence among black women (from 56.4% to 80.6%). When the conjugal life was considered, it was observed an increase on the declared coverage more significant among the single women (from 36.8% to 61.6%). Considering the years of education, the coverage increased in all intervals considered, with a relatively greater improvement in women with the fewer years of education. To sum up, it was observed a 24% increase in the prevalence of the Pap Smear on the inquires of 2001-2002 when compared to the 1987 ones, with a more significant increase among women between 50 and 59 years of age, on the single ones, on the black ones and also on the ones with the least years of education (up to 4 school years).