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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Análise da associação entre cognição e modificações microestruturais da substância branca em pacientes com malformação arteriovenosa cerebral(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2024-04-23) Nascimento, Victor Santos [UNIFESP]; Chaddad Neto, Feres Eduardo Aparecido [UNIFESP]; Coelho, Daniela de Souza [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3251530625558141; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9356651929657562; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4402845367157200Introdução: A Malformação Arteriovenosa Cerebral (MAV), é uma doença cerebrovascular congênita, caracterizada por um enovelado de vasos sem a presença de capilares e apresenta veia de drenagem precoce. A conexão direta submete a veia ao mesmo sistema pressórico das artérias, propiciando o rompimento. Mesmo antes do rompimento, pacientes podem apresentam sintomas como cefaleia, crise epiléptica, déficit neurológico focal e déficit de alguma função cognitiva. Além disso, há evidências iniciais de que a MAV é capaz de produzir uma reorganização da microestrutura da substância branca. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre alterações microestruturais da substância branca cerebral e alterações cognitivas em pacientes com malformação arteriovenosa cerebral. Métodos: Este trabalho possui natureza exploratória, com abordagem transversal retrospectivo. Coletamos dados de 2020 a 2023. Optamos por utilizar uma amostra não probabilística por conveniência. Para coletar os dados cognitivos, foram utilizadas informações de prontuário e relatório de avaliação neuropsicológica. Já para investigar a integridade da substância branca, utilizamos a tractografia probabilística com a técnica de deconvolução esférica restrita. Ao aplicar os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram aceitos 22 pacientes. Resultados: Ao investigar aspectos cognitivos, 19 (86,4%) apresentaram déficit cognitivo em algum dos domínios avaliados. Encontramos alterações na anisotropia fracionada, em sua maioria de forma contralateral a lesão e em alguns casos no mesmo hemisfério lesionado. Já na métrica de difusividade média, a maioria das alterações estavam no mesmo lado da lesão. Aspectos cognitivos foram correlacionados negativamente com alterações na anisotropia fracionada e na difusividade média em sua maioria no hemisfério contralateral à lesão e em alguns casos no mesmo hemisfério. Conclusões: Encontramos evidências de que a MAV está relacionada às alterações estruturais que refletem na difusividade média da substância branca. Além disso, também foi possível observar uma reorganização estrutural que provavelmente está associada à doença.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosBehavioural changes observed in demyelination model shares similarities with white matter abnormalities in humans(Elsevier B.V., 2015-07-01) Oliveira, Nathalia Serra de [UNIFESP]; Boilesen, Sabine Nunes [UNIFESP]; Carvalho, Carolina Prado de França [UNIFESP]; Le Sueur-Maluf, Luciana [UNIFESP]; Zollner, Ricardo de Lima; Spadari, Regina Celia [UNIFESP]; Medalha, Carla Christina [UNIFESP]; Castro, Glaucia Monteiro de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Further to the symptoms resulting from demyelination, new studies point to the involvement of neuroinflammation and white matter abnormalities in psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Cuprizone, a model of MS, produces consistent demyelination and elicits behavioural, morphological and inflammatory changes in animals that share some similarities with those observed in humans. in this study, we used the cuprizone model in Lewis rats to evaluate clinical signs triggered by the demyelination process which could be comparable with the symptoms seen in white matter abnormalities in human beings. To induce the demyelination process, 0.6% cuprizone was added to the Lewis rats' diet for 4 weeks. We proceeded with behavioural, morphological and immunological analyses. Animals fed with cuprizone exhibited behavioural changes: higher scores in the neurotoxicity test, reduced exploratory and locomotion behaviour, and also an increase of permanency in the closed arm of the elevated plus maze test, were observed. in these analyses, the animals showed motor coordination impairment and anxiety-like behaviour. Demyelination also triggered changes in discrimination of objects identified by an increase in the time spent close to a familiar object. These behavioural alterations were associated with a significant increase in the levels of TNF-alpha and corticosterone, consistent with the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Taken together, the results of this work show the cuprizone/Lewis rat model demyelination as an attractive paradigm for studying the correlation between white matter abnormalities and behaviour. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Estresse neonatal e enriquecimento ambiental: uma revisão sistemática sobre seus impactos no comportamento e na mielinização do sistema nervoso central(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2022-02-03) Rosário, Amanda Galvão [UNIFESP]; Castro, Glaucia Monteiro de [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2727707909050870; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9427275716511850; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Evidências mostram uma ligação entre o estresse no início da vida e prejuízos no processo de mielinização. No sistema nervoso central, as alterações na mielina podem impactar no desenvolvimento das funções cognitivas e também podem levar a uma maior vulnerabilidade ao desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos. O Enriquecimento Ambiental (EE) tem se apresentado como uma possível intervenção para os efeitos do estresse na infância. Esta revisão sistemática tem como objetivo analisar os impactos do estresse neonatal no comportamento e na mielinização do sistema nervoso central, bem como a influência do EE como intervenção para esses efeitos. Usamos o PubMed para combinações de pesquisa dos termos “enriched environment”, “myelin”, “oligodendrocyte”, “newborn stress” e “early-life stress” no período entre 2011 e maio de 2021. Ambos os estudos em animais e humanos foram selecionado. A pesquisa recuperou 314 artigos e 42 foram incluídos. No geral, o risco de viés não foi claro para estudos em animais e baixo para estudos em humanos. Destacam-se alterações no comportamento e um viés para a maturação de oligodendrócitos decorrentes do estresse, bem como uma diminuição na expressão de proteínas relacionadas à mielinização. Evidências suportam um efeito benéfico da EE na mielinização e cognição em diferentes momentos da vida. Durante o desenvolvimento, ambientes aversivos ou estimulantes podem ter um enorme impacto não apenas nos aspectos morfológicos do cérebro, mas também na saúde mental. No entanto, existe uma enorme variabilidade nos protocolos de EE que ainda precisam ser levados em consideração para pesquisas futuras.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Preserved white matter in unmedicated pediatric bipolar disorder(Elsevier B.V., 2014-09-05) Teixeira, Ana Maria Aristimunho; Kleinman, Ana; Zanetti, Marcus; Jackowski, Marcel [UNIFESP]; Duran, Fábio Luís de Souza; Pereira, Fabricio; Lafer, Beny; Busatto Filho, Geraldo [UNIFESP]; Caetano, Sheila Cavalcante; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)White matter (WM) abnormalities have been reported in bipolar disorder (BD) patients, as well as in their non-BD relatives, both children and adults. Although it is considered an emerging vulnerability marker for BD, there are no studies investigating WM alterations in pediatric unmedicated patients and young healthy offspring. in this study, we evaluated the presence of WM alterations in 18 pediatric, non medicated BD patients, as well as in 18 healthy offspring of BD type I parents and 20 healthy controls. 3T DT-MRI data were acquired and scans were processed with tract-based spatial statistics to provide measures of fractional anisotropy and diffusivity. We found no significant differences in WM microstructure between BD patients, healthy offspring and healthy controls. Previous studies that reported WM alterations investigated older subjects, either on medication (BD patients) or with psychiatric diagnoses other than BD (unaffected offspring). Our findings highlight the importance of the understanding of disease ontogeny and brain development dynamics in the search for early vulnerability markers for psychiatric disorders. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Reconhecimento de padrões atencionais e correlatos neurobiológicos em indivíduos com transtorno do déficit de atenção(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-11-25) Rossi, Adriana Suzart Ungaretti [UNIFESP]; Bueno, Orlando Francisco Amodeo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Currently it is widely known that diagnostic categories, including ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), are quite heterogeneous conditions. In accordance to the Research Domain Criteria approach, the present study aimed to analyze attentional patterns between ADHD of inattentive type and typically development individuals, regrouping the subjects in respect to their attentional performance, regardless of the groups of origin. Possible differences on brain connectivity between the established groups were also explored. A diagnostic traditional analysis comparing ADHD to typically developing individuals was also conducted in order to better delineate the cognitive, behavioral and neurobiological characteristics of the inattentive type. Methods: Recruited participants included 29 ADHD of inattentive type aged 7 to 15 years and 29 typically developed children matched by age, sex and type of school assisted. Latent Class Analysis were applied to reclassify subjects regarding their attentional performance through cognitive (Conners? Continuous Performance Test and digit span backwards) and behavioral measures (Child Behavioral Checklist). Measures of working memory and verbal fluency were also adopted on the categorical analysis. The new classes, as well as diagnostic classes, were compared in respect to white matter measures (fractional anisotropy). Results: Participants were clustered in three new classes regarding their attencional profile. Nonetheless, considering clinical and statistical parameters, analysis were followed selecting a model with two-classes solution: Class 1 - ultra-high risk for attentional problems and Class 2 - normal development of attentional functions. Group comparison in respect to 20 tracts? fractional anisotropy mean values revealed that Class 1 individuals presented increased fractional anisotropy values on left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus. In what refers to categorical analysis, ADHD individuals, when compared to typically developing ones, revealed higher intraindividual variability, lower processing speed and worse vigilance, selective and sustained attention. When comparison of fractional anisotropy mean values was made between diagnostic categories (ADHD versus typically developing subjects), there were found no evidences of statistically significant differences in respect to the 20 analyzed fiber tracts. Conclusion: The results highlight that even among individuals with same disorder subtype it is possible to identify subsets with more homogeneous neuropsychological profiles, and, subsequently, with underpinning neurobiological differences. It is noteworthy that although the classical categorical approach did not indicate differences in respect to white matter measures between diagnostic groups, when subjects were compared through a more refined analysis - based on dimensions of observable attentional measures - neurobiological differences were found. These data emphasize that specific data-driven clustering allows a better comprehension of some disorders? pathophysiology, what reiterates that brain-behavior relationships may not respect the arbitrary limits imposed by diagnostic classification.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosTranscortical selective amygdalohippocampectomy technique through the middle temporal gyrus revisited: An anatomical study laboratory investigation(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2016) Bozkurt, Baran; Centeno, Ricardo Silva [UNIFESP]; Chaddad Neto, Feres Eduardo Aparecido [UNIFESP]; Costa, Marcos Devanir Silva da [UNIFESP]; Goiri, Marcelo Augusto Acosta [UNIFESP]; Karadag, Ali; Tugcu, Bekir; Ovalioglu, Talat Cem; Tanriover, Necmettin; Kaya, Serdar; Yagmurlu, Kaan; Grande, AndrewThe anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) and selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SeIAH) have been used for surgical treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. We examined the comprehensive white matter tract anatomy of the temporal lobe to gain an insight into the trans-middle temporal gyrus, a lateral approach which has been commonly used. The transmiddle temporal gyrus approach was performed in a stepwise manner on cadaveric human heads to examine the traversing white matter pathways through it and the structures located in the temporal horn. We reviewed the literature to compare the trans-middle temporal gyrus approach with other SeIAH techniques based on surgical outcomes. There does not appear to be a significant difference in seizure outcome between SeIAH and ATL. However, the SeIAH provides a better neuropsychological outcomes than the ATL in selected patients. Each SeIAH approach has individual advantages and disadvantages. Based on our anatomical study, in the transcortical amygdalohippocampectomy technique through the middle temporal gyrus the white matter pathways to be encountered. In the temporal horn, the collateral eminence, hippocampus, lateral ventricular sulcus, choroidal fissure, inferior choroidal point, choroid plexus, fimbria of the fornix, and amygdala are exposed. The subpial dissection is performed along the lateral ventricular sulcus from the collateral eminence on lateral side and from the choroidal fissure on medial side by microdissector for en bloc resection of the hippocampus proper. The trans-middle temporal gyrus approach is commonly used in treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients. A better anatomical and functional understanding of the structures of the temporal lobe is crucial for safer and more accurate surgery. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.