Navegando por Palavras-chave "anthropology"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Antropologia na missão: relações entre a etnologia confessional de padre Schmidt e a antropologia acadêmica(Instituto de Estudos da Religião, 2013-01-01) Araújo, Melvina [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Considering as the object for the analysis the missionary documents and/or texts and observations made during the field work, the notion of religion that permeates these writings will be discussed, highlighting the influence of conceptions conveyed by Father Schmidt, one of the exponents of Viena's Historical School. Furthermore, a small analysis will be undertaken on the interconections between Father Schmidt's so called confessional etnology and the academic anthropology.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)A arqueologia de uma Babel moderna: fundamentos histórico-filosóficos da Política Nacional de Humanização (PNH)(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-10-12) Miguel, Roberto Pereira [UNIFESP]; Gallian, Dante Marcello Claramonte [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objective: In this paper, we set out to investigate the historical and philosophical foundations of the National Policy of Humanisation (PNH) in Brazil. We are interested in not just the most striking aspects of the policy, but especially in those points that are still implicit in such a project and which lack investigation and investment. Methodology: We undertook this task by reading the documents produced by the Ministry of Health that are related to the theme of the humanisation of healthcare, and analyzing the works and articles written and published both by intellectuals directly involved in the construction of this policy and by researchers dedicated to the study of this initiative. We seek to interpret these results from the perspective of the thought of two exponents of the conservative philosophical tradition: Michael Oakeshott and Theodor Dalrymple. Results: The results show the modern philosophical foundation of PNH, of which we highlight: 1) the rationalist character of the policy, from the assumption that political and social engineering would be able to reform the world and man; 2) the historical materialism of Karl Marx, from the perception that the problematic named ?dehumanisation? is derived from the precarious conditions of the work processes; 3) its anthropological basis anchored in the notion of ?perfectibility?, which supports the idea that it is possible to manage emotions, stimulate solidarity, and produce ?new subjects? and ?new subjectivities? through the PNH. Conclusion: These elements allow us to designate PNH as Politics of Faith, according to Oakeshott, which is always susceptible to the last plans of better towers of Babel. Faith here, as opposed to the traditional religious faith, is faith in the ability of human beings to perfect themselves through their own efforts from the discovery of methods to continuously spread the power of government as an essential tool for controlling the design and improvement of individuals and groups. Like the original Babel, resentment and the hybris of the entrepreneurs are both the main engine of its construction, and the primary reason for its failure.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosCrianças e adolescentes em circulação nas ruas: uma busca de escuta(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2013-01-07) Nakagawa, Patricia Yumi [UNIFESP]; Sarti, Cynthia Andersen Sarti [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The subject constitutive relationship with culture and in the society can be included as one of the central concerns of psychoanalysis. This study intends, based on a conceptual field ? Psychoanalysis, along with Anthropology authors, to discuss the implications of subjective construction in the children and adolescents in movement on the streets, based on relationships that are constructed at house/street/institutions spaces. The research method applied field observation, interviews with professionals from ?treatment network? and services registered by the researcher by means of psychoanalytical listening. In this ?kaleidoscopical? symbolic space, images, attributes and ideology that carries the social discourse about poverty, childhood, youth and violence materialize. Often, these discourses are legitimated by ?experts? from treatment network that tend to offer a place to these subjects, either in the ?needy-victimized? or as someone who enjoys a outlaw status, thus, delinquent and dangerous. These signifiers are impregnated by a system of values and generates considerable scars in the subjects in formation.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Joseph Wanjie, Kikuyu Catholic catechist(Associação Brasileira de Antropologia (ABA), 2012-06-01) Araújo, Melvina [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This article discusses the problem of cultural mediation, focusing on the relations between a Kikuyu catechist and Consolata missionaries. It analyzes a biography of this catechist, which was written by a missionary. The information contained in the biography is compared with data from other sources that allow us to reconstruct the trajectory of an important agent in the relations between Catholic missionaries and natives in Kenya.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Urban Violence: An Anthropological Study(Mdpi Ag, 2013-11-01) Silva-Mannel, Juliana da [UNIFESP]; Andreoli, Sergio Baxter [UNIFESP]; Martin, Denise [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The study aimed to understand how distress is experienced by patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the social-cultural context of São Paulo, Brazil, an urban environment marked by social inequality and high levels of violence. A qualitative study was conducted between 2008 and 2010 with PTSD patients (F43.1, ICD-10, 1997) who had been victims of robberies and kidnappings in São Paulo. Dense ethnographic observations were carried out, as well as in-depth semi-structured interviews with ten adult patients. the analysis method used was based on anthropology. the results show that it is particularly important to distinguish between perceptions of different forms of the experience of social suffering and perceptions of health and illness held by victims and biomedical experts. the cause of PTSD is more often associated with the personal problems of the victim than with the specific traumatic event. the distress described in terms of what is considered a normal reaction to violence and what is considered a symptom of PTSD. the findings indicate that the diagnostic of PTSD can be understood in relation to the different contexts within a culture. the ethnographic approach serves not only to illuminate individual suffering but also the social suffering experienced by the residents of São Paulo.