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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Balance and motor coordination are not fully developed in 7 years old blind children(Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2004-09-01) Navarro, Andréa Sanchez; Fukujima, Marcia Maiumi [UNIFESP]; Fontes, Sissy Veloso [UNIFESP]; Matas, Sandro Luiz de Andrade [UNIFESP]; Prado, Gilmar Fernandes do [UNIFESP]; Universidade Bandeirante de São Paulo; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Visually impaired children show difficulties in recognizing their own bodies, objects around then and the spatial parameters that are essential for independent movement. This study analyzes the neuro-psychomotor development of a group of congenitally visually impaired children as compared to children with normal sight. We have evaluated two groups of seven-year-olds by means of neurological evolution examination (NEE). The group studied comprised 20 blind children and the control group comprised 20 children with normal sight, and they were paired up according to age and gender. In some tests, the blind children were guided by touch. The visually impaired children performed worse in tests evaluating balance and appendage coordination compared to normal sighted children (p< 0.001), and this suggests that visual deficiency impairs children's neuro-psychomotor development.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosThe Brazilian Amazon Region Eye Survey: Design and Methods(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2017) Salomao, Solange R. [UNIFESP]; Furtado, Joao Marcello [UNIFESP]; Berezovsky, Adriana [UNIFESP]; Cavascan, Nivea N. [UNIFESP]; Ferraz, Alberto N. [UNIFESP]; Cohen, Jacob M.; Munoz, Sergio; Belfort, Rubens, Jr. [UNIFESP]Purpose: To describe the study design, operational strategies, procedures, and baseline characteristics of the Brazilian Amazon Region Eye Survey (BARES), a population-based survey of the prevalence and causes of distance and near visual impairment and blindness in older adults residing in the city of Parintins. Methods: Cluster sampling, based on geographically defined census sectors, was used for cross-sectional random sampling of persons 45 years and older from urban and rural areas. Subjects were enumerated through a door-to-door survey and invited for measurement of uncorrected, presenting and best-corrected visual acuity and an ocular examination. Results: Of 9931 residents (5878 urban and 4053 rural), 2384 individuals (1410 urban and 974 rural) were eligible and 2041 (1180 urban and 861 rural) had a clinical examination (response rate 85.6%). The majority of participants were female (1041, 51.0%) the average age was 59.9 +/- 11.1 years (60.2 +/- 11.2 years for urban and 59.4 +/- 11.1 years for rural) 1360 (66.6%) had primary schooling or less (58.1% in urban and 78.4% in rural) and 57.8% were resident in urban areas. The age distribution between sexes was similar (p = 0.178). Both sex and age distributions of the sample were comparable to that of the Brazilian Amazon Region population. Conclusions: The BARES cohort will provide information about the prevalence and causes of near and distance vision in this underprivileged and remote population in Brazil.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosIncidence and Main Risk Factors for Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity in Infants Weighing Less Than 1000 Grams in Brazil(Oxford Univ Press, 2013-12-01) Fortes Filho, Joao Borges; Borges Fortes, Barbara Gastal; Tartarella, Marcia Beatriz [UNIFESP]; Procianoy, Renato Soibelmann; Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objectives: This study evaluated the incidence and risk factors for severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in babies <1000 g at Porto Alegre, Brazil.Methods: Prospective cohort study including premature children with birth weight <= 1000 g was conducted. Main outcome was the occurrence of severe ROP needing treatment.Results: A total of 157 infants were included. Severe ROP occurred in 20 infants (12.7%). Nineteen patients were treated by laser photocoagulation. Main risk factors for severe ROP were gestational age (P=0.029), infant's weight measured at sixth week of life (P<0.001) and number of days of oxygen therapy under mechanical ventilation (P<0.001). After logistic regression, infant's weight at sixth week of life and number of days in mechanical ventilation were associated to severe ROP.Conclusions: We reported the incidence of 12.7% of severe ROP among babies born <= 1000 g in our institution. Laser photocoagulation was effective to stabilize the disease among 19 treated patients.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosPrevalence and causes of vision impairment and blindness in older adults in Brazil: the São Paulo eye study(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2008-01-01) Salomão, Solange Rios [UNIFESP]; Cinoto, Rafael Werneck [UNIFESP]; Berezovsky, Adriana [UNIFESP]; Araujo Filho, Arnaud [UNIFESP]; Mitsuhiro, Marcia R. K. H. [UNIFESP]; Mendieta, Luana [UNIFESP]; Morales, Paulo Henrique de Avila [UNIFESP]; Pokharel, Gopal P.; Belfort, Rubens Junior [UNIFESP]; Ellwein, Leon B.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Nepal Netra Jyoti Singh; NEIPurpose: Investigate prevalence and causes of vision impairment/blindness in older adults in a low-middle income area of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Cluster sampling, based on geographically defined census sectors, was used in randomly selecting cross-sectionally persons 50 years of age or older. Subjects were enumerated through a door-to-door survey and invited for measurement of presenting and best-corrected visual acuity and an ocular examination. the principal cause was identified for eyes with presenting visual acuity less than 20/32. Results: A total of 4,224 eligible persons in 2,870 households were enumerated, and 3,678 (87.1%) examined. the prevalence of presenting visual acuity 20/32 in both eyes was 61.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59.4%-63.9%), and 80.4% (95% CI: 78.8%-82.1%) with best correction. the prevalence of visual impairment ( 20/63 to 20/200) in the better eye was 4.74% (95% CI: 3.97%-5.53%), and 2.00% (95% CI: 1.52%-2.49%) with best correction. the prevalence of presenting bilateral blindness ( 20/200) was 1.51% (95% CI: 1.20%-1.82%), and 1.07% (95% CI: 0.79%-1.35%) with best correction. Presenting blindness was associated with older age and lack of schooling. Retinal disorders (35.3%) and cataract (28.3%) were the most common causes of blind eyes. Cataract (33.2%), refractive error (32.3%), and retinal disorders (20.3%) were the main causes of vision impairment 20/63 to 20/200, with refractive error (76.8%) and cataract (12.2%) as main causes for eyes with acuity 20/32 to 20/63. Conclusions: Vision impairment is a significant problem in older Brazilians reinforcing the need to implement prevention of blindness programs for elderly people with emphasis on those without schooling.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Resultados de um programa de prevenção da cegueira pela retinopatia da prematuridade na Região Sul do Brasil(Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, 2007-06-01) Fortes Filho, João Borges [UNIFESP]; Barros, Cristiano Koch; Costa, Marlene Coelho da; Procianoy, Renato Soibelmann; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Setor de Retinopatia da Prematuridade; HCPA Centro de Neonatologia; HCPA Serviço de NeonatologiaOBJECTIVE: To describe the results of a program for the prevention of blindness caused by retinopathy of prematurity implemented in 2002 at a tertiary-care hospital, according to screening criteria adopted in Brazil, and to compare some aspects with the criteria adopted by other countries. METHODS: Descriptive observational study including all preterm infants born at this hospital weighing < 1,500 g at birth and/or gestational age < 32 weeks who survived up to the sixth week after birth, between October 2002 and June 2006. Ophthalmic examinations were performed from the sixth week of life and repeated as necessary until remission of the disease. RESULTS: A total of 300 newborns were included and there were 18 cases of treatable threshold disease (18/300, 6%) according to the Brazilian criteria. One patient was not treated because s/he developed the disease after hospital discharge and did not turn up for examination in order to initiate treatment. According to the criteria suggested by industrialized countries, the total number of exams would be reduced under the same circumstances, but 11.76% of the cases of threshold disease would not be detected. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian criteria for neonatal screening were efficient in detecting treatable cases. Blindness was averted in 17 preterm infants in the study period. The universal use of such program at teaching hospitals or in the public and private health networks could help prevent one of the main causes of preventable and treatable blindness among infants in developing countries. Currently, a change in these criteria in Brazil may compromise the diagnosis of some treatable patients.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Visual impairment and blindness: an overview of prevalence and causes in Brazil(Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2009-09-01) Salomão, Solange Rios [UNIFESP]; Mitsuhiro, Márcia R. K. H. [UNIFESP]; Belfort, Rubens Junior [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Our purpose is to provide a summary overview of blindness and visual impairment on the context of recent Brazilian ocular epidemiologic studies. Synthesis of data from two cross-sectional population-based studies - the São Paulo Eye Study and the Refractive Error in School Children Study is presented. 3678 older adults and 2441 school children were examined between July 2004 and December 2005. Prevalence of blindness in older adults using presenting visual acuity was 1.51% decreasing to 1. 07% with refractive correction. The most common causes of blindness in older adults were retinal disorders, followed by cataract and glaucoma. In school children, the prevalence of uncorrected visual impairment was 4.82% decreasing to 0.41% with refractive correction. The most common cause of visual impairment in school children was uncorrected refractive error. Visual impairment and blindness in Brazil is an important public health problem. It is a significant problem in older Brazilians, reinforcing the need to implement prevention of blindness programs for elderly people with emphasis on those without schooling. In school-children cost-effective strategies are needed to address a readily treatable cause of vision impairment - prescription and provision of glasses.