Navegando por Palavras-chave "cefdinir"

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    Cefdinir: an oral cephalosporin for the treatment of respiratory tract infections and skin and skin structure infections
    (Expert Reviews, 2007-02-01) Sader, Helio S. [UNIFESP]; Jones, Ronald N.; JMI Labs; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Tufts Univ
    Cefdinir is an oral third-generation cephalosporin (also known as an advanced-spectrum or generation cephem) with good in vitro activity against the pathogens responsible for community-acquired respiratory tract infections and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections. the drug distributes very well in respiratory tract tissues and fluids, as well as skin blisters and ear fluids; its pharmacokinetic profile allows once- or twice-daily administration. Oral cefdinir 300 mg twice daily or 600 mg once daily in adults and adolescents, or 14 mg/kg/day in one or two daily doses in pediatric patients, administered for 5 or 10 days, has shown good clinical and bacteriological efficacy, at least equivalent to that of other oral agents in randomized controlled trials conducted in patients with community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, acute otitis media, pharyngitis and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections. Cefdinir is well tolerated and the oral suspension has shown superior taste or palatability over other comparator oral antimicrobial agents. Thus, cefdinir continues to represent an important cephalosporin option for the treatment of adult, adolescent and pediatric patients with mild or moderate respiratory tract or cutaneous infections, especially in areas with elevated rates of beta-lactamase production in Haemophilus influenzae and where resistance to other commonly used agents has emerged (e.g., macrolides, penicillins, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole).
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    Contemporary evaluation of the in vitro activity and spectrum of cefdinir compared with other orally administered antimicrobials tested against common respiratory tract pathogens (2000-2002)
    (Elsevier B.V., 2003-11-01) Sader, H. S.; Fritsche, T. R.; Mutnick, A. H.; Jones, R. N.; JONES Grp; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Cefdinir is an oral cephalosporin approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1997 for the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, pharyngitis-tonsillitis, community-acquired pneumonia, acute maxillary sinusitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections in adults and adolescents, and acute otitis media, pharyngitis-tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections in children. Although cefdinir showed similar activity to other cephalosporins in the early studies, very limited data has been generated over the last decade. in this report, we summarize the contemporary in vitro activity and spectrum of cefdinir in comparison to numerous other orally administrated antimicrobials available for treatment of community-acquired respiratory infections. A total of 8,326 non-duplicate recent clinical isolates, including Haemophilus influenzae (3,438), Moraxella catarrhalis (1,688), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (3,200). were collected from 35 medical centers in North America during 2000 through 2002, and susceptibility tested by reference broth microdilution methods. Pneumococcal susceptibility patterns for beta-lactams and macrolides were also analyzed according to the year of isolation and the age group of the patients. Cefdinir had the greatest activity against H. influenzae among the cephalosporins tested with susceptibility rates of 97.1 to 99.0%. All of the agents tested had complete or near complete activity against M. catarrhalis. Against S. pneumoniae. cefdinir and other cephalosporins showed similar susceptibility patterns, but improved rates were observed in 2002 (78.5-79.4%) when compared to the previous monitored period (71.8-74.5%). This increase in susceptibility was mainly because of a declining the occurrence of high-level penicillin resistance (MIC greater than or equal to2 mug/ml) across all age groups. Macrolide resistance also decreased among S. pneumoniae in 2002 when compared to 2000 through 2001; however, resistance to levofloxacin continued to increase from 0.9% in 2000 to 1.4% in 2002. These results indicate a significant change in emerging P-lactam resistance patterns (including cefdinir) with a decrease possibly influenced by greater pneumococcal vaccine use in children and the elderly. These rates of increased susceptibility could sustain and enhance the clinical activity of orally administered beta-lactams such as cefdinir. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Update on the cefdinir spectrum and potency against pathogens isolated from uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections in North America: are we evaluating the orally administered cephalosporins correctly?
    (Elsevier B.V., 2006-08-01) Jones, Ronald N.; Sader, Helio S.; JMI Labs; Tufts Univ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The spectrum and potency of cefdinir, an orally administered cephalosporin, was reevaluated for the uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infection (uSSTI) indication using contemporary isolates from 2004 to 2005. Cefdinir continues to have high rates of susceptibility against methicillin-susceptible staphylococci (100.0%), beta-hemolytic streptococci (groups A and 13; 100.0%), viridans group streptococci (88.9%), Escherichia coli (93.2%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (90.0%). No diminished activity was detected since the last evaluation (19972002 isolates), and cefdinir remains significantly more potent (4- to 16-fold) than cephalexin, even when using surrogate agents of cephalexin susceptibility that were suspect for over estimating true clinical utility. Activity greater than cephalexin (4-fold) was also noted for cefdinir against community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Cefdinir should be considered as a viable option for the therapy uSSTI caused by indicated species. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.