Navegando por Palavras-chave "environmental exposure"

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    Association of air-conditioning with respiratory symptoms in office workers in tropical climate
    (Blackwell Munksgaard, 2005-01-01) Graudenz, G. S.; Oliveira, C. H.; Tribess, A.; Mendes, C.; Latorre, MRDO; Kalil, J.; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    To evaluate the association of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems (HVAC) and respiratory symptoms in a tropical city, self-administered questionnaires were given to 2000 individuals working in air-conditioned office buildings and to 500 control workers in naturally ventilated buildings. Reported symptoms from the two populations were analyzed using chi-square tests, univariate and multiple logistic regressions models. Symptoms were the outcome variable and the odds ratios were adjusted by gender, age, accumulated work time, smoking habits and atopic background. There was a 79.8% response rate and there was a positive association of nasal symptoms (odds ratio, OR = 1.59, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.11-2.28), naso-ocular symptoms (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.05-2.38), persistent cough (OR = 3.04, 95% CI = 2.00-4.63) sinusitis symptoms (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.27-2.71) and building-related worsening of the symptoms (OR = 4.92, 95% CI = 2.93-8.27) with working in air-conditioned buildings. in conclusion, our study suggests that artificial air-conditioning is a matter of concern for respiratory symptoms in cities with hot and humid climate.
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    Gut Microbiota Differences in Children From Distinct Socioeconomic Levels Living in the Same Urban Area in Brazil
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016) Mello, Carolina S.; Carmo-Rodrigues, Mirian S.; Araujo Filho, Humberto Bezerra de [UNIFESP]; Melli, Lígia Cristina Fonseca Lahoz [UNIFESP]; Tahan, Soraia [UNIFESP]; Pignatari, Antonio Carlos Campos [UNIFESP]; Morais, Mauro Batista de [UNIFESP]
    Objective:To compare gut microbiota in impoverished children versus children of high socioeconomic status living in the same urban area in Brazil.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate 100 children living in a slum and 30 children from a private school, ages between 5 and 11 years old, in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. To characterize the groups, data based on socioeconomic status, sanitation, and housing conditions were collected. Anthropometric measurements and neonatal data were obtained from both groups. Gut microbiota were quantified in fecal samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results:The children in the private school group had higher rates of cesarean delivery and premature birth than the children in the slum group. Staphylococcus aureus (90% vs 48.0%) and Clostridium difficile (100% vs 43.0%) were more commonly found in the children from the private school than in the impoverished children (P<0.0001). C perfringens was most frequently identified in the group of children from the slum (92.0% vs 80%
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    Lactobacilos e bifidobactérias nas fezes de crianças escolares de dois estratos socioeconômicos: moradores em uma favela e alunos de uma escola particular
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, 2009-08-01) Mello, Ricardo Martin Pereira de [UNIFESP]; Morais, Mauro Batista de [UNIFESP]; Tahan, Soraia [UNIFESP]; Melli, Lígia C. F. L.; Rodrigues, Mirian S. do Carmo; Mello, Carolina S.; Scaletsky, Isabel Cristina Affonso [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Centro Universitário Fundação e Instituto de Educação de Osasco Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Instituto de Pesquisa Unolab; UNIFIEO Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Instituto de Pesquisa Unolab; UNIFIEO Departamento de Pediatria
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium colonies in the feces of schoolchildren from two different socioeconomic levels. METHODS: We analyzed fecal samples of children aged 6 to 10 years without gastrointestinal symptoms or recent use of antimicrobials. The first group included 86 children living in a favela in the city of Osasco, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. The second group included 36 children attending a private school in the same city. Body mass index (BMI) was used to assess nutritional status according to the reference values of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Specific anaerobic culture media were used for isolation of colonies for 48 and 72 hours at 37 °C. The number of colonies was determined using the plate-counting method. RESULTS: The mean lactobacillus (1.125 x 10(9) colony-forming units, CFU/g) and bifidobacterium (1.675 x 10(9) CFU/g) counts in the private school group were higher (p < 0.001) than those in the favela group: 0.250 x 10(9) and 0.350 x 10(9) CFU/g, respectively. In the favela group, children with BMI z score < -1.0 standard deviation (SD) (n = 28) showed lower mean (p < 0.05) lactobacillus (0.100 x 10(9) CFU/g) and bifidobacterium (0.095 x 10(9) CFU/g) counts than the children with BMI > -1.0 SD (n = 57): 0.350 x 10(9) and 0.420 x 10(9) CFU/g, respectively. CONCLUSION: The microbiota of schoolchildren living in unfavorable environmental conditions shows lower numbers of fecal lactobacillus and bifidobacterium colonies, especially in children with lower BMI values.