Navegando por Palavras-chave "intensive"

Agora exibindo 1 - 2 de 2
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    Format and mode of artificial substrate fixation affect the performance of Litopenaeus vannamei in high-density rearing systems
    (Wiley, 2018) Schveitzer, Rodrigo [UNIFESP]; Zanetti Leite, Thais Sabino [UNIFESP]; Orteney, Natacha Ester [UNIFESP]; Temistocles Menezes, Fabrini Copetti [UNIFESP]; Medeiros, Igor Dias [UNIFESP]
    We investigated whether the positive impacts of artificial substrates on shrimp performance are altered in any way by their format or mode of fixation in the tanks. To examine this question, substrates were fixed vertically in the water column in three different configurations: SCF treatment (Substrate Completely Fixed), SPF treatment (Substrate Partially Fixed) and SFF (Substrate in Frond Format). Another treatment received no substrate and served as control (WS=Without Substrate). The shrimp were cultured for 38days in intensive biofloc culture tanks at a stocking density of 1,125 shrimp m(-3). In general, water quality variables were similar among treatments and remained within the appropriate range for shrimp culture. The final biomass was higher (8.5kg m(-3)) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) lower (1.6) in all tanks with substrates when compared with the WS treatment tanks (final biomass=6.3kg m(-3) and FCR=3.1). However, only shrimp from the SCF and SPF treatments had a higher survival rate (>95.0%) compared to those in WS tanks (75.9%), which was statistically similar to the SFF treatment (88.0%). These results show that substrate format and its mode of fixation in tanks can alter shrimp performance. In well-aerated intensive tanks, substrates in frond format are constantly pushed to the tank surface, making it difficult for shrimp to adhere to the screens. In such situation, the extra surface provided by the substrates is not always available to the shrimp, a fact that minimizes the positive effects of substrate.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    Timing of renal replacement therapy initiation in acute renal failure: A meta-analysis
    (Elsevier B.V., 2008-08-01) Seabra, Victor F.; Balk, Ethan M.; Liangos, Orfeas; Sosa, Marie Anne; Cendoroglo, Miguel [UNIFESP]; Jaber, Bertrand L.; Caritas St Elizabeths Med Ctr; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Tufts Med Ctr; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Background: Some studies have suggested that early institution of renal replacement therapy (RRT) might be associated with improved outcomes in patients with acute renal failure (ARF).Study Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and cohort comparative studies to assess the effect of early RRT on mortality in patients with ARF.Setting & Population: Hospitalized adult patients with ARF.Selection Criteria for Studies: We searched several databases for studies that compared the effect of early and late RRT initiation on mortality in patients with ARF We included studies of various designs.Intervention: Early RRT as defined in the individual studies.Outcomes: the primary outcome measure was the effect of early RRT on mortality stratified by study design. the pooled risk ratio (RR) for mortality was compiled using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated by means of subgroup analysis and meta-regression.Results: We identified 23 studies (5 randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials, 1 prospective and 16 retrospective comparative cohort studies, and 1 single-arm study with a historic control group). By using meta-analysis of randomized trials, early RRT was associated with a nonsignificant 36% mortality risk reduction (RR, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.40 to 1.05; P = 0.08). Conversely, in cohort studies, early RRT was associated with a statistically significant 28% mortality risk reduction (RR, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.64 to 0.82; P < 0.001). the overall test for heterogeneity among cohort studies was significant (P = 0.005). Meta-regression yielded no significant associations; however, early dialysis therapy was associated more strongly with lower mortality in smaller studies (n < 100) by means of subgroup analysis.Limitations: Paucity of randomized controlled trials, use of variable definitions of early RRT, and publication bias preclude definitive conclusions.Conclusion: This hypothesis-generating meta-analysis suggests that early initiation of RRT in patients with ARF might be associated with improved survival, calling for an adequately powered randomized controlled trial to address this question.