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    Avaliação reprodutiva tardia da prole exposta à nicotina durante as fases de prenhez e lactação
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-07-30) Silva, Mayra Miranda Rodrigues da [UNIFESP]; Valdeolivas, Sandra Maria Miraglia Valdeolivas [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: About 1/3 of the population smokes. The nicotine found in cigarettes, reaches breast milk and crosses the placental membrane. Previously, it was observed that nicotine administered to female rats during pregnancy and lactation, causes morphofunctional alterations Leydig cells and overt damage of the seminiferous epithelium of the offspring. Objective: To evaluate the spermatogenic damage, previously observed in offspring at 90 days of age, from pregnant rats and exposed infants to nicotine, are held or aggravated after up to two full terms of spermatogenesis (53 + 53 days). Methods: Rats were exposed to nicotine (2 mg / kg / day) throughout pregnancy and lactation, using a subcutaneous osmotic minipump implantation (C) performed in each of these periods. Control groups "sham" (CS, with subcutaneously implanted minipumps, but containing 0.9% saline) and absolute (CA without implants) were established. The offspring were euthanized at 90, 143 and 196 days postpartum (subgroups). Testicular parameters, reviews and sperm and testosterone plasma levels and cholesterol intratesticular were investigated. Results: The progenies showed significant changes of biometric parameters, morphometric and stereological testicular, in all subgroups. Histopathology showed in rats of all subgroups nicotine, normal characteristics of the seminiferous epithelium, except for the more exacerbated peeling germ cells into the lumen, observed in these animals. Quantitative evaluation and sperm plasma levels and cholesterol and testosterone intratesticular no significant changes. However, the offspring of the subgroups nicotine exhibited high frequency of morphologically abnormal sperm and reduced sperm motility of these gametes. A significant loss of mitochondrial activity and an increase in sperm DNA fragmentation (comet assay) were observed in these animals. Conclusions: The results indicate reproductive harm late in the offspring, concerning the quality of the epididymal sperm tail, due to exposure of rats to nicotine in pregnancy and lactation.
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    Influência da ingestão de sardinha nos níveis de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados da série ômega3 no leite materno
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, 2006-02-01) Patin, Rose Vega [UNIFESP]; Vítolo, Márcia R. [UNIFESP]; Valverde, Mara A. [UNIFESP]; Carvalho, Patrícia O.; Pastore, Gláucia M.; Lopez, Fábio Ancona [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate what effect the intake of sardines, rich in omega-3 series polyunsaturated fatty acids, has on the composition of breastmilk. METHODS: This was a prospective study of 31 nursing mothers under observation at the Hospital Guilherme Álvaro. Each was given 2 kg of fresh sardines twice with a 15-day interval. Milk was sampled and a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire was applied on days 0, 15 and 30. Milk was assayed for fatty acid content by gas chromatography. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using nonparametric tests with significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The results demonstrate that the nutritional intake of the nursing mothers was adequate at all three sample points. With regard to the omega-3 series fatty acid content of the breastmilk, it was observed that regular consumption and shorter intervals between intake and milk collection resulted in higher concentrations of docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid at 15 and 30 days into the study. Fatty acids from the omega-3 and omega-6 series exhibited a significant correlation, r² was 0.58 and 0.59 at 15 and 30 days, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that incorporating fish into the diets of nursing mother during lactation, in the form of 100 g of sardines two or three times a week, contributes to an increase in omega-3 series fatty acids.