Navegando por Palavras-chave "nicotine"
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- ItemSomente MetadadadosAmphetamine- and nicotine-induced cross-sensitization in adolescent rats persists until adulthood(Wiley-Blackwell, 2009-07-01) Santos, Gabriela C.; Marin, Marcelo T.; Cruz, Fabio Cardoso [UNIFESP]; DeLucia, Roberto; Planeta, Cleopatra S.; UNESP São Paulo State Univ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)Nicotine and psychostimulants are often abused in combination and drug abuse often begins during adolescence and can have long-term consequences. Behavioral sensitization has been suggested as an animal model of neuroplasticity implicated in the development of drug addiction. We evaluated whether the pretreatment with nicotine (0.4 mg/kg; s.c.) or amphetamine (5.0 mg/kg: i.p.) in adolescent rats [from postnatal day (P) 28 to P34] could induce cross-sensitization to nicotine and amphetamine when animals were challenged during both adolescence (P37) and adulthood (P70), in separate groups of animals. Adolescent animals pretreated with amphetamine displayed behavioral sensitization to nicotine. which persisted until adulthood. Moreover. adolescent animals pretreated with nicotine showed sensitized locomotor response to amphetamine in the adulthood. These data suggest that adolescents who abuse nicotine may be particularly susceptible to the effects of amphetamine and vice versa. Moreover. this increased vulnerability may persist through their development until adulthood.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Associação entre polimorfismo SLC6A3 3 UTR VNTR e a resposta ao tratamento da dependência de nicotina(Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2011-01-01) Focchi, Gustavo Rubino de Azevedo [UNIFESP]; Silva, Ismael Dale Cotrim Guerreiro da [UNIFESP]; Scivoletto, Sandra; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objective: To evaluate the association between response to treatment of nicotine dependence with bupropion and the presence of the polymorphism SLC6A3 3 UTR VNTR, in the gene that codifies the dopaminergic transporter. Method: A hundred patients were treated in the Nicotine Dependence Outpatient Clinic of the Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School. All patients were male, diagnosed as nicotine dependents and had no other diseases. All received bupropion until 300 mg a day for 12 weeks, combined with cognitive-behavioral group therapy. The Fagerström Scale was applied at the beginning and at the end of treatment. Cigarette cessation was evaluated in the last week of treatment and one month later. Patients had 10 ml blood extracted and genotiped for SLC6A3 3 UTR VNTR polymorphism. Results: There was no association between cigarettes cessation and the presence of polymorphism. Conclusion: More studies are needed to assess whether the presence of polymorphism SLC6A3 3 UTR VNTR could be associated with a better response to treatment of nicotine dependence.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosAvaliação reprodutiva tardia da prole exposta à nicotina durante as fases de prenhez e lactação(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-07-30) Silva, Mayra Miranda Rodrigues da [UNIFESP]; Valdeolivas, Sandra Maria Miraglia Valdeolivas [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Introduction: About 1/3 of the population smokes. The nicotine found in cigarettes, reaches breast milk and crosses the placental membrane. Previously, it was observed that nicotine administered to female rats during pregnancy and lactation, causes morphofunctional alterations Leydig cells and overt damage of the seminiferous epithelium of the offspring. Objective: To evaluate the spermatogenic damage, previously observed in offspring at 90 days of age, from pregnant rats and exposed infants to nicotine, are held or aggravated after up to two full terms of spermatogenesis (53 + 53 days). Methods: Rats were exposed to nicotine (2 mg / kg / day) throughout pregnancy and lactation, using a subcutaneous osmotic minipump implantation (C) performed in each of these periods. Control groups "sham" (CS, with subcutaneously implanted minipumps, but containing 0.9% saline) and absolute (CA without implants) were established. The offspring were euthanized at 90, 143 and 196 days postpartum (subgroups). Testicular parameters, reviews and sperm and testosterone plasma levels and cholesterol intratesticular were investigated. Results: The progenies showed significant changes of biometric parameters, morphometric and stereological testicular, in all subgroups. Histopathology showed in rats of all subgroups nicotine, normal characteristics of the seminiferous epithelium, except for the more exacerbated peeling germ cells into the lumen, observed in these animals. Quantitative evaluation and sperm plasma levels and cholesterol and testosterone intratesticular no significant changes. However, the offspring of the subgroups nicotine exhibited high frequency of morphologically abnormal sperm and reduced sperm motility of these gametes. A significant loss of mitochondrial activity and an increase in sperm DNA fragmentation (comet assay) were observed in these animals. Conclusions: The results indicate reproductive harm late in the offspring, concerning the quality of the epididymal sperm tail, due to exposure of rats to nicotine in pregnancy and lactation.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosEffect of nicotine treatment and withdrawal on random-pattern skin flaps in rats(Elsevier B.V., 2008-09-01) Campos, Jose Humberto O.; Gomes, Heitor Carvalho [UNIFESP]; dos-Santos, Washington L. C.; Cardeal, Mauricio; Ferreira, Lydia Masako [UNIFESP]; Escola Bahiana Med & Saude Publ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Fundacao Oswaldo CruzBackground: Tobacco use is associated with a high incidence of skin necrosis after surgery. the ideal timing for the cessation of tobacco use before plastic surgery has not, however, been precisely determined. the aim of this work was to define the ideal duration of nicotine withdrawal prior to random-pattern skin flap surgery in rats.Methods: Groups of 11 animals were subcutaneously injected with saline or nicotine (2 mg/kg) twice a day and subjected to random-pattern skin flap surgery according to the following protocol: Group I: continuously injected with saline 4 weeks before and I week after the surgery; Group II: injected with nicotine for 4 weeks until the day of the surgery; Group III: injected with nicotine for 4 weeks until one day before the surgery; Group IV: injected with nicotine for 4 weeks until 5 days before the surgery; Group V: injected with nicotine for 4 weeks until 10 days before the Surgery; Group VI: continuously injected with nicotine for 4 weeks before and I week after the surgery. McFARLANE skin flaps were performed on the dorsal skin, and the rats were sacrificed I week after the surgery.Results: the necrotic area was smaller in group I (8.85 cm(2)) than in group II (12.15 cm(2)), III (12.88 cm(2)) and VI (14.84 cm(2)) (ANOVA p < 0.0001). There was no difference between groups I, IV (10.13 cm(2)) and V (9.27 cm(2)).Conclusions: in conclusion, 5 days before surgery was considered the ideal time for nicotine withdrawal in this experimental model. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier GmbH.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosEffects of prenatal and lactation nicotine exposure on rat testicular interstitial tissue(Wiley-Blackwell, 2014-03-01) Paccola, Camila Cicconi [UNIFESP]; Neves, F. M. O. [UNIFESP]; Cipriano, I. [UNIFESP]; Stumpp, Taiza [UNIFESP]; Miraglia, Sandra Maria [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Nicotine is largely consumed as a component of cigarettes. It induces apoptosis, interferes with endocrine function by changing the sex hormones secretion and leads to male infertility. Testosterone is produced from cholesterol by Leydig cells (LC), with the participation of testicular macrophages (MO). Thus, to investigate whether nicotine administration to pregnant and lactating rats changes cholesterol and sexual hormone levels and LC and MO populations of offspring, female rats received nicotine (2mg/kg/day) through osmotic minipumps from the first day of pregnancy up to the end of weaning. At 1, 30, 60 and 90days post-partum (dpp) the plasma cholesterol and testosterone levels were obtained, as well as the biometric, histopathological and stereological testicular parameters. Nicotine reduced the body weight, cholesterol levels and lipid droplet number in foetal LC at 1dpp. the number of apoptotic LC did not change in the offspring of nicotine group at any age studied. No alterations in the numerical densities of MO and LC occurred at 60 and 90dpp. Hypertrophy of mature LC and increase in cholesterol and testosterone levels were noted at 90dpp. in conclusion, nicotine when administered to rats throughout pregnancy and lactation induces morphofunctional alterations of foetal and mature LC and affects cholesterol and testosterone levels.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Late reproductive analysis in rat male offspring exposed to nicotine during pregnancy and lactation(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Miranda-Spooner, M. [UNIFESP]; Paccola, C. C. [UNIFESP]; Neves, F. M. O. [UNIFESP]; de Oliva, S. U. [UNIFESP]; Miraglia, S. M. [UNIFESP]We previously observed that nicotine, administered to rats (Wistar) during pregnancy and lactation periods, provokes, in the progeny, late morphofunctional alterations in Leydig cell, body weight increase in adulthood (90days post partum, dpp) as well as seminiferous epithelium injury. Aiming to investigate whether the spermatogenic damage previously observed in adult progenies from pregnant and lactating nicotine-exposed rat dams are maintained or whether it is worsened in older rats, we analyzed the morphological testicular alterations after up to two complete periods of spermatogenesis (53days each), spermatic parameters, and sperm DNA fragmentation. Pregnant and lactating rats were nicotine-exposed (2mg/kg/day) through an osmotic minipump implanted on the first day of pregnancy and replaced after birth. Absolute Control (no minipump) and Sham Control (minipump without nicotine) groups were established. The offspring were killed at 90, 143, and 196dpp. Significant alterations in morphometric and stereological testicular parameters, such as concentration of sperm number, daily sperm production, and plasma and intratesticular levels of cholesterol and testosterone were not observed in nicotine-exposed rats. Testicular histopathological analysis showed small intraepithelial vacuolization and an accentuated germ cell desquamation in exposed rats. However, the offspring from nicotine-exposed dams exhibited higher frequency of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa and lower sperm motility in comparison with control groups. In addition, nicotine-exposed groups showed a significant reduction in sperm mitochondrial activity and an increased sperm DNA fragmentation (Comet assay). These results indicate a late reproductive damage in the male progeny caused by maternal nicotine exposure, related to the decrease in sperm quality.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in viability of a random skin flap in nicotine-treated rats(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006-12-01) Abrantes Russo, Claudia Regina; Leite, Mauro Teixeira; Gomes, Heitor Carvalho; Ferreira, Lydia Masako; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Background: Skin flaps are extensively used in plastic surgery, the main postoperative problems being ischemia and necrosis. Nicotine has acute vasoconstrictive properties, diminishing blood flow and increasing the risk of flap necrosis. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was effective in reducing necrosis in random skin flaps in rats. Therefore, the authors decided to test the efficacy of TENS to reduce necrosis in the presence of nicotine.Methods: Sixteen adult male Wistar-Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) rats were distributed, at random, in 2 groups of 8 animals. the nicotine group (NG) received this drug subcutaneously (1.2 mg/kg/d), for 1 week before flap elevation. the nicotine plus TENS group (NTG) followed the same routine. Immediately after the operative procedure and on the next 2 postoperative days, the treatment group (NTG) was submitted to TENS during an hour under anesthesia. NG animals were sham exposed. After 7 days, the percentages of necrosis were determined.Results: the NG had a mean value of 45% and the NTG, 21% of necrosis, a difference statistically significant (P < 0.001).Conclusion: TENS was effective in the reduction of necrosis in this flap model.