Navegando por Palavras-chave "psychiatric disorder"

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    A Current Snapshot of Common Genomic Variants Contribution in Psychiatric Disorders
    (Wiley, 2016) Santoro, Marcos Leite [UNIFESP]; Moretti, Patricia N. [UNIFESP]; Pellegrino, Renata; Gadelha, Ary [UNIFESP]; Abilio, Vanessa Costhek [UNIFESP]; Hayashi, Mirian Akemi Furuie [UNIFESP]; Belangero, Sintia Iole [UNIFESP]; Hakonarson, Hakon
    In the past decade, numerous advances were achieved in psychiatric genetics. Particularly, the genome wide association studies (GWAS) have contributed to uncovering new genes and pathways associated to psychiatric disorders (PDs). At the same time, with increasing sample sizes in the GWAS, the polygenic risk score (PRS) promoted an additional tool for identification and evaluation the genetic risk quantitatively in PDs. This concept review presents the state of the art GWAS analysis and PRS focusing on the genetic underpinnings of PDs. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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    Neuroleptic Drugs Revert the Contextual Fear Conditioning Deficit Presented by Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: A Potential Animal Model of Emotional Context Processing in Schizophrenia?
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2009-07-01) Calzavara, Mariana Bendlin [UNIFESP]; Medrano, Wladimir Agostini [UNIFESP]; Levin, Raquel [UNIFESP]; Kameda, Sonia Regina [UNIFESP]; Andersen, Monica Levy [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Silva, Regina Helena; Frussa-Filho, Roberto [UNIFESP]; Abilio, Vanessa Costhek [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte
    Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present abnormalities in emotion processing. A previous study showed that the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a putative animal model of ADHD, present reduced contextual fear conditioning (CFC). the aim of the present study was to characterize the deficit in CFC presented by SHR. Adult male normotensive Wistar rats and SHR were submitted to the CFC task. Sensitivity of the animals to the shock and the CFC performance after repeated exposure to the task were investigated. Pharmacological characterization consisted in the evaluation of the effects of the following drugs administered previously to the acquisition of the CFC: pentylenetetrazole (anxiogenic) and chlordiazepoxide (anxiolytic); methylphenidate and amphetamine (used for ADHD); lamotrigine, carbamazepine, and valproic acid (mood stabilizers); haloperidol, ziprasidone, risperidone, amisulpride, and clozapine (neuroleptic drugs); metoclopramide and SCH 23390 (dopamine antagonists without antipsychotic properties); and ketamine (a psychotomimmetic). the effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation (that worsens psychotic symptoms) and the performance in a latent inhibition protocol (an animal model of schizophrenia) were also verified. No differences in the sensitivity to the shock were observed. the repeated exposure to the CFC task did not modify the deficit in CFC presented by SHR. Considering pharmacological treatments, only the neuroleptic drugs reversed this deficit. This deficit was potentiated by proschizophrenia manipulations. Finally, a deficit in latent inhibition was also presented by SHR. These findings suggest that the deficit in CFC presented by SHR could be a useful animal model to study abnormalities in emotional context processing related to schizophrenia.
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    The Putative Impact of Metabolic Health on Default Mode Network Activity and Functional Connectivity in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
    (Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2014-01-01) Cha, Danielle S.; De Michele, Francesco; Soczynska, Joanna K.; Woldeyohannes, Hanna O.; Kaidanovich-Beilin, Oksana; Carvalho, Andre F.; Malhi, Gin S.; Patel, Hiren; Sim, Kang; Brietzke, Elisa [UNIFESP]; Mansur, Rodrigo Barbachan [UNIFESP]; Dunlop, Katharine A. M.; Alsuwaidan, Mohammad; Baskaran, Anusha; Fagiolini, Andrea; Reznikov, Roman; Kudlow, Paul A.; McIntyre, Roger S.; Univ Hlth Network; Univ Toronto; Univ Roma La Sapienza; Mt Sinai Hosp; Univ Fed Ceara; Univ Sydney; Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth; Natl Univ Singapore; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Queens Univ; Univ Siena; Univ Western Ontario
    The default mode network (DMN) describes a distributed network of brain regions that are predominantly activated and engaged during periods of spontaneous, stimulus independent thought (i.e., at rest) and remain quiescent during attention-demanding, goal-directed tasks. Replicated evidence in functional neuroimaging studies suggests that midline cortical and subcortical brain regions responsible for memory, self-relevant emotional and mental processes, as well as information integration comprise the DMN. The DMN is posited to represent self-referential mental activity via a dynamic interplay of cognitive and emotional processes by integrating information from the external environment with introspective thoughts to generate an autobiographical concept of the self.It has been amply documented that irregularities in the DMN and its functional connectivity are associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, accumulating evidence also suggests that individuals with select medical disorders (i.e., metabolic disorders) demonstrate alterations in DMN activity and functional connectivity. However, there is a paucity of data evaluating whether individuals with metabolically-based medical conditions, exhibiting altered DMN activity and functional connectivity, are at increased risk for developing neuropsychiatric disorders. Likewise, potential mechanisms (e.g., altered brain metabolism, insulin resistance) mediating these changes and their implications for novel treatment approaches have yet to be elucidated. Taken together, the overarching aim of this review is to provide a synthetic overview that suggests that this neural circuit may represent a common (or convergent) substrate affected in individuals with select neuropsychiatric and metabolic disorders.
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    Schizophrenia and chromosome 6p
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 1997-04-18) Turecki, Gustavo; Rouleau, Guy A.; Joober, Ridha; Mari, Jair de Jesus [UNIFESP]; Morgan, Kenneth; MCGILL UNIV; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Several studies have recently reported genetic linkage between markers located on the short arm of chromosome 6 and schizophrenia, Valid conclusions, however, are difficult to formulate because chromosomal markers that yielded positive results span a relatively large region of chromosome 6, and studies did not necessarily obtain consistent results with regard to the particular loci tested, Here, we report a meta-analysis of the results of linkage studies of schizophrenia that used chromosome 6p markers. After conducting a systematic search, nine different studies mere selected for the analysis using defined criteria, Pooled P values were obtained for all common markers investigated and provided additional support for a major susceptibility locus for schizophrenia in this region. in addition, two markers located 2 cM apart, D6S274 and D6S285, provided the most significant results, These findings may help narrow the chromosomal region in the search for a major gene implicated in schizophrenia, (C) 1997 Wiley-Lies, Inc.