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- ItemSomente MetadadadosAyahuasca in adolescence: A preliminary psychiatric assessment(Haight-ashbury Publ, 2005-06-01) Da Silveira, D. X.; Grob, Charles S.; Rios, Marlene Dobkin de; Lopez, Enrique; Alonso, Luisa K.; Tacla, Cristiane; Doering-Silveira, Evelyn; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Harbor UCLA Med Ctr; Univ Calif Irvine; Univ Calif Los Angeles; Universidade de Brasília (UnB)Ayahuasca is believed to be harmless for those (including adolescents) drinking it within a religious setting. Nevertheless controlled studies on the mental/ psychiatric status of ritual hallucinogenic ayahuasca concoction consumers are still lacking. In this study, 40 adolescents from a Brazilian ayahuasca sect were compared with 40 controls matched on sex, age, and educational background for psychiatric symptomatology. Screening scales for depression, anxiety, alcohol consumption patterns (abuse), attentional problems, and body dysmorphic disorders were used. It was found that, compared to controls, considerable lower frequencies of positive scoring for anxiety, body dismorphism, and attentional problems were detected among ayahuasca-using adolescents despite overall similar psychopathological profiles displayed by both study groups. Low frequencies of psychiatric symptoms detected among adolescents consuming ayahuasca within a religious context may reflect a protective effect due to their religious affiliation. However further studies on the possible interference of other variables in the outcome are necessary.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Criterion-related validity of perceived exertion scales in healthy children: a systematic review and meta-analysis(Soc Argentina Pediatria, 2016) Rodriguez, Ivan [UNIFESP]; Zambrano, Lysien [UNIFESP]; Manterola, CarlosIntroduction. Physiological parameters used to measure exercise intensity are oxygen uptake and heart rate. However, perceived exertion (PE) is a scale that has also been frequently applied. The objective of this study is to establish the criterion-related validity of PE scales in children during an incremental exercise test. Methods. Seven electronic databases were used. Studies aimed at assessing criterion-related validity of PE scales in healthy children during an incremental exercise test were included. Correlation coefficients were transformed into z-values and assessed in a meta-analysis by means of a fixed effects model if I-2 was below 50% or a random effects model, if it was above 50%. Results. Twenty-five articles that studied 1418 children (boys: 49.2%) met the inclusion criteria. Children's average age was 10.5 years old. Exercise modalities included bike, running and stepping exercises. The weighted correlation coefficient was 0.835 (95% confidence interval: 0.762-0.887) and 0.874 (95% confidence interval: 0.794-0.924) for heart rate and oxygen uptake as reference criteria. The production paradigm and scales that had not been adapted to children showed the lowest measurement performance (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Measuring PE could be valid in healthy children during an incremental exercise test. Child-specific rating scales showed a better performance than those that had not been adapted to this population. Further studies with better methodological quality should be conducted in order to confirm these results.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosDiferenças na expressão de dor entre recém-nascidos a termo do sexo feminino e masculino diante de estímulo nociceptivo agudo(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-12-16) Arias, Maria Carmenza Cuenca [UNIFESP]; Guinsburg, Ruth Guinsburg [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Neonatal exposure to noxious stimuli during their stay in intensive care unit has the potential to alter neurodevelopment and cause permanent changes in somatosensory processing of pain. The consequences of nociception in both the short and long term are known to be affected by variables such as gestational age and newborn morbidity. Furthermore, sex-related differences in the structure and functionality of the brain can also affect its susceptibility to nociceptive stimulus during the neonatal period. However, the impact of sex in the response to an acute nociceptive stimulus in newborn infants remains to be elucidated. In this context the objective of this study was to analyze the differences in the expression of pain in newborns (NB) females and males in response to acute noxious stimulation in the first hours of life. For this purpose, we performed a cross-sectional and blinded study with prospective data collection of 400 infants (200 / sex) healthy, full-term, in the first 6 hours of life, who underwent intramuscular injection of Vitamin K. Heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2) and three validated scales for assessing neonatal pain (neonatal Facial Coding System (NFCS), Behavioral Indicators of Infant Pain (BIPP) and Premature Infant pain Profile (PIPP)) were assessed before the procedure, during antisepsis, during injection and two minutes afterwards. The results for both sexes were compared with repeated measures (RM) ANOVA adjusted for gestational age (GA), hours of age, 5-minute Apgar. p <0.05 was considered significant. The studied population had an average or mean GA 39 ± 1 week, birth weight 3169 ± 316g, postnatal age 67 ± 45 minutes, 65% were born by cesarean section and the median Apgar score at 5 minutes was 10. RM-ANOVA adjusted HR, SpO2, BIPP and PIPP were significant for time effect, but not for sex or for the interaction of time and sex. NFCS as to the time effects (p <0.001), gender (p <0.05) and time and sex interaction (p <.03) were significant. Further, construction of contrasts analysis showed that this difference occurred during injection. Therefore, our findings indicate that the newborn full-term healthy females express more facial movements related to pain during an acute nociceptive stimulus in the first 6 hours of life, compared to males.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Estudo dos estágios motivacionais em sujeitos adultos dependentes do álcool(Curso de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2003-01-01) Oliveira, Margareth Da Silva; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Araujo, Renata Brasil; Camilo, Rafael Leal; Schneider, Daniela Digiórgio; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulThe general aim of this work was to trace the motivational stages of interned clients in specialized units, based on Prochaska and Diclemente's Transtheorical Model. This work also examines if there is a correlation between the motivation stages of this group of alcohol-addicted patients and their level of drug dependence. The sample was composed of 120 alcoholics male patients, with dependence levels between moderate and critical. The instruments used were: Short-form Alcohol Dependence Data to identify the dependence level and the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Questionnaire to evaluate the motivational stages. The results show positive and low-intensity correlation (r s= 0,197; p=0,031) between the level of drug dependence and the Maintenance stage. It is still under discussion the importance of the scales used in order discussion, in order to judge and choose better techniques to be adopted during the therapeutic process.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Hallucinogen Rating Scale (HRS) - Versão brasileira: tradução e adaptação transcultural(Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 2011-01-01) Mizumoto, Suely [UNIFESP]; Silveira, Dartiu Xavier da [UNIFESP]; Barbosa, Paulo César Ribeiro; Strassman, Rick J.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Departamento de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas; da Universidade do Novo México Escola de MedicinaBACKGROUND: There is a growing scientific interest in the effects of hallucinogens in general and the religious use of psychoactive brew ayahuasca in Brazil in particular. However, there is not yet a standard instrument used in Brazil to evaluate the effects of hallucinogens. The Hallucinogen Rating Scale (HRS) is a questionnaire widely used in the U.S. and Europe to evaluate the effects of several psychoactive substances, including hallucinogens. OBJECTIVE: To translate and adapt the HRS to Brazilian Portuguese. METHOD: We followed three steps: 1) the authors of the article translated the HRS into Portuguese, in order to establish an initial version; 2) two independent translators back-translated this version into English; 3) a revision committee produced a final version of the Brazilian Portuguese version. This final version was developed comparing the initial translations and back-translations, through a dialogic process with the author of the instrument. RESULTS: A final Portuguese version of the HRS, following the guidelines for semantic and conceptual equivalence between English and Portuguese to describe hallucinogen-induced subjective states. DISCUSSION: A Brazilian version of the HRS - an instrument widely used throughout the world to quantify effects of psychoactive drugs - provides a sensitive instrument for evaluation of the effects of hallucinogenic substances in Brazil.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire(Assoc Medica Brasileira, 2016) Fidalgo, Thiago Marques [UNIFESP]; Silveira, Evelyn Doering da [UNIFESP]; Winters, Ken C.; Silveira, Dartiu Xavier da [UNIFESP]Introduction: The Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire (PESQ) is an instrument devised for assessing the magnitude of drug misuse among adolescents. However, its psychometric properties have not been evaluated in adolescent samples outside the United States. Objective: To assess the internal reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the PESQ. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 84 adolescents from a clinical sample and a community-based sample. All of them answered the PESQ. Results: Among adolescents from the community, the PESQ problem severity index, which can vary from 18 to 72, was 26.48 +/- 9.28, whereas the clinical sample scored 42.89 +/- 10.02 (p<0.001). Cronbach's alpha was 0.91. Factor analysis resulted in a four-factor solution. Furthermore, both samples also had different mean scores for the other distinct content areas measured by the instrument. Conclusion: Evidence to support the reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the Personal Experience Questionnaire was found.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Versão brasileira da Escala Cornell de depressão em demência (Cornell depression scale in dementia)(Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2007-09-01) Carthery-goulart, Maria Teresa; Areza-fegyveres, Renata; Schultz, Rodrigo R. [UNIFESP]; Okamoto, Ivan [UNIFESP]; Caramelli, Paulo; Bertolucci, Paulo Henrique Ferreira [UNIFESP]; Nitrini, Ricardo; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: Translating and adapting the Cornell scale for depression in dementia to the Portuguese language and verifying the interrater and test-retest reliability of the translated and adapted version. METHOD: The Cornell scale was translated into Portuguese and back translated into English. Divergences of translation were identified and discussed, resulting in a version which was submitted to a pre-test for cross-cultural adaptation. The final version was administered to a sample of 29 patients with probable AD and to their caregivers. RESULTS: The Cornell Scale presented good interrater (Kappa=0,77; p<0,001) and test-retest reliability (Kappa=0,76; p<0,001). The final version was easy to administer and well understood by the caregivers. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the Cornell Scale is an instrument with good reliability to evaluate depression in patients with dementia. This tool will contribute to the evaluation and follow-up of depressed patients with dementia in our population and may also be used in multicentric studies with Brazilian population.