Navegando por Palavras-chave "sexual differences"

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    Diferenças na expressão de dor entre recém-nascidos a termo do sexo feminino e masculino diante de estímulo nociceptivo agudo
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-12-16) Arias, Maria Carmenza Cuenca [UNIFESP]; Guinsburg, Ruth Guinsburg [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Neonatal exposure to noxious stimuli during their stay in intensive care unit has the potential to alter neurodevelopment and cause permanent changes in somatosensory processing of pain. The consequences of nociception in both the short and long term are known to be affected by variables such as gestational age and newborn morbidity. Furthermore, sex-related differences in the structure and functionality of the brain can also affect its susceptibility to nociceptive stimulus during the neonatal period. However, the impact of sex in the response to an acute nociceptive stimulus in newborn infants remains to be elucidated. In this context the objective of this study was to analyze the differences in the expression of pain in newborns (NB) females and males in response to acute noxious stimulation in the first hours of life. For this purpose, we performed a cross-sectional and blinded study with prospective data collection of 400 infants (200 / sex) healthy, full-term, in the first 6 hours of life, who underwent intramuscular injection of Vitamin K. Heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2) and three validated scales for assessing neonatal pain (neonatal Facial Coding System (NFCS), Behavioral Indicators of Infant Pain (BIPP) and Premature Infant pain Profile (PIPP)) were assessed before the procedure, during antisepsis, during injection and two minutes afterwards. The results for both sexes were compared with repeated measures (RM) ANOVA adjusted for gestational age (GA), hours of age, 5-minute Apgar. p <0.05 was considered significant. The studied population had an average or mean GA 39 ± 1 week, birth weight 3169 ± 316g, postnatal age 67 ± 45 minutes, 65% were born by cesarean section and the median Apgar score at 5 minutes was 10. RM-ANOVA adjusted HR, SpO2, BIPP and PIPP were significant for time effect, but not for sex or for the interaction of time and sex. NFCS as to the time effects (p <0.001), gender (p <0.05) and time and sex interaction (p <.03) were significant. Further, construction of contrasts analysis showed that this difference occurred during injection. Therefore, our findings indicate that the newborn full-term healthy females express more facial movements related to pain during an acute nociceptive stimulus in the first 6 hours of life, compared to males.
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    Diferenças sexuais da atenção visual na epilepsia parcial criptogênica
    (Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 1994-06-01) Kanda, Paulo Afonso Medeiros [UNIFESP]; Campos, Carlos José Reis De [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The performance in visual verbal and non-verbal attentional tests was studied in 14 male and 18 female control subjects and 33 patients with cryptogenic partial epilepsy. The epileptic group was formed of 17 men and 16 women with no evidence of brain damage in CT scan examinations. Interictal epileptiform activity was observed only unilaterally, either in the right (8 male, 8 female) or left (9 male, 8 female) temporal lobes. The performance of epileptic men in visual tests was similar to that of normal men. On the other hand, the performance of epileptic women was worse than that of normal women. These results seem in accordance with the literature that suggests mat visual attention in women depends on the functional integrity of both cerebral hemispheres. In men, verbal visual attention is suggested to occur in the left cerebral hemisphere while non-verbal processes, predominantly in the right cerebral hemisphere. Further studies are necessary for the understanding of these sexual differences in cerebral hemispheric asymmetry.