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    Managing dysphonia in occupational voice users
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014-06-01) Behlau, Mara [UNIFESP]; Zambon, Fabiana [UNIFESP]; Madazio, Glaucya; Ctr Estudos Voz; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Sindicato Prof São Paulo SINPRO
    Purpose of reviewRecent advances with regard to occupational voice disorders are highlighted with emphasis on issues warranting consideration when assessing, training, and treating professional voice users.Recent findingsFindings include the many particularities between the various categories of professional voice users, the concept that the environment plays a major role in occupational voice disorders, and that biopsychosocial influences should be analyzed on an individual basis. Assessment via self-evaluation protocols to quantify the impact of these disorders is mandatory as a component of an evaluation and to document treatment outcomes. Discomfort or odynophonia has evolved as a critical symptom in this population. Clinical trials are limited and the complexity of the environment may be a limitation in experiment design.SummaryThis review reinforced the need for large population studies of professional voice users; new data highlighted important factors specific to each group of voice users. Interventions directed at student teachers are necessities to not only improving the quality of future professionals, but also to avoid the frustration and limitations associated with chronic voice problems. the causative relationship between the work environment and voice disorders has not yet been established. Randomized controlled trials are lacking and must be a focus to enhance treatment paradigms for this population.