Participação comunitária nos processos da atenção primária à saúde
Data
2021
Autores
Santos Junior, Vitor Emiliano 
Orientadores
Costa, Paula Cristina Pereira
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: A participação comunitária nos processos da APS é importante para o
desenvolvimento e a implementação de ações e serviços de saúde que reflitam as necessidades
de acordo com a realidade do país, do estado, da cidade e do bairro e para isso, o debate, a
representatividade e o envolvimento da sociedade devem ser vistos como uma das formas mais
avançadas de democracia, em que a comunidade pode buscar a garantia do direito a melhores
condições de saúde e vida. Objetivo: Identificar a percepção, o nível de conhecimento e
envolvimento da sociedade nos processos que envolvem a participação comunitária na APS.
Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa online, com abordagem quantitativa do tipo survey
interseccional. A população foi composta por 228 indivíduos residentes em território brasileiro,
maiores de 18 anos, de ambos os sexos. Os participantes responderam um questionário com três
etapas: A primeira etapa contendo informações sobre a pesquisa e o TCLE, a segunda etapa
trouxe questões sobre as características sociodemográficas, econômicas e clínicas, como:
idade, sexo, cidade, estado civil, ocupação, escolaridade, renda individual, renda familiar,
comorbidades, acompanhamento de saúde, utilização dos serviços da APS. A terceira etapa
consiste em questões sobre a percepção, conhecimento e envolvimento do participante com a
participação comunitária nos processos da APS, potencialidades e barreiras da participação
comunitária nos processos da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Os dados foram analisados pelo
programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 19. Resultados:
Aproximadamente 90% dos participantes possuem algum conhecimento sobre a possibilidade
de participação da pessoa/comunidade/liderança na construção de políticas públicas, gestão e
fiscalização de serviços de saúde do município e 95% julgam importante essa participação.
Quanto ao conhecimento sobre as formas que as pessoas/comunidade/liderança comunitária
podem monitorar os processos da Atenção Primária à Saúde aproximadamente 73% possui
conhecimento e 27% desconhece os dispositivos de monitoramento social na APS. Sobre os
Conselhos de Saúde, 54% conhecem pelo menos uma instância (local, municipal, estadual ou
nacional), 27% tem pouco conhecimento e quase 19% não tem nenhum conhecimento. Quanto
a participação nos Conselhos de Saúde, aproximadamente 88% não participam, dos que
participam, 48% fazem parte da instância municipal. Aproximadamente 67% dos participantes
não conhece pelo menos uma pessoa que participa dos Conselhos de Saúde. Quanto a participar
de alguma capacitação sobre Conselhos de Saúde, quase 65% não ouviu falar e/ou participou
de alguma capacitação sobre o conselho de saúde, quase 28% já ouviu e não participou,
XI
aproximadamente 7% já participou. Aproximadamente 14,5% já participaram ou participam de
alguma conferência de saúde, aproximadamente 85,5% não. Aproximadamente 68% não
conhecem alguém que participe/ participou da conferência de saúde, quase 32% sim.
Sobre as potencialidades da participação comunitária nos processos da APS, aproximadamente
50% acredita que a participação nos conselhos de saúde trará benefícios para a população e que
as atividades se efetivam, 30% acredita que as atividades do conselho se efetivam apenas em
parte e trarão benefícios na mesma medida e 19% não sabem responder se as atividades se
efetivam e apenas 1% acredita que as atividades do conselho não se efetivam. Quando
questionados se essa participação é uma forma de influenciar no processo decisório da gestão
da saúde visando a melhoria da qualidade de vida individual e coletiva, 88% acreditam que sim,
9% não sabem e apenas 3% acreditam que a participação não influencia. Sobre as
potencialidades da participação comunitária, 6,6% não souberam responder. Conclusão: A
participação comunitária nos processos da APS depende não só da informação clara e acessível,
mas de mecanismos que possam atender e levar essa informação até a comunidade e de
estratégias de promoção da participação comunitária, que deve ser entendida como promoção
da saúde, uma vez que sem a participação da comunidade existe uma lacuna na maneira como
deve funcionar a rede de saúde e os processos da APS. A participação ou não da comunidade
relaciona-se com variáveis que vão da esfera pública a pessoal, estilo de vida e momento de
vida e por isso, para buscar maior adesão da comunidade nos processos da APS será necessário
estudar amplamente as barreiras apontadas e sua relação com a vida das pessoas, e desenvolver
estratégias, preferencialmente personalizadas e que dialoguem diretamente com a vida dessas
pessoas, para que cada barreira deixe de existir.
Introduction: Community participation in PHC processes is important for the development and implementation of actions and health services that reflect the needs according to the reality of the country, state, city and neighborhood and for this, the debate, the representation and involvement of society should be seen as one of the most advanced forms of democracy, in which the community can seek to guarantee the right to better health and living conditions. Objective: To identify the perception, level of knowledge and involvement of society in the processes that involve community participation in PHC. Method: This is an online survey, with a quantitative approach of the intersectional survey type. The population consisted of individuals residing in Brazilian territory, over 18 years of age, of both sexes. The recruitment of individuals for research was digital, on social media, through the dissemination and invitation to participate in the study. Participants answered a questionnaire with three stages: The first stage containing information about the research and the IC, the second stage brought questions about sociodemographic, economic and clinical characteristics, such as: age, gender, city, marital status, occupation, education, individual income, family income, comorbidities, health monitoring, use of PHC services. The third stage consists of questions about the participant's perception, knowledge and involvement with community participation in PHC processes, potential and barriers of community participation in Primary Health Care processes. Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program (SPSS), version 19. . Results: 228 people participated in the study. The average age of participants was 35.28 years. The majority were female (80%), single (53%), with higher education or attending (52%), employed (46%), with family income ranging from 1,000.00 to 10,000.00 reais, 66 % live in the capital and live in the state of São Paulo (92%), without associated diseases (62%), among those with diseases associated with the most prevalent morbidity was systemic arterial hypertension (8%). Approximately 92% attend or have attended PHC for actions and services. Approximately 90% of the participants have some knowledge about the possibility of participation of the person/community/leadership in the construction of public policies, management and inspection of health services in the municipality and 95% consider this participation important. As for the knowledge about the ways that people/community/community leadership can monitor the processes of Primary Health Care, approximately 73% have knowledge and 27% are unaware of the social monitoring devices in PHC. About the Health Councils, 54% know at least one instance (local, municipal, state or national), 27% have little knowledge and almost 19% have no knowledge at all. As for participation in Health Councils, approximately 88% do not participate, of those who do participate, 48% are part of the municipal level. Approximately 67% of the participants do not know at least one person who participates in the Health Councils. As for participating in any training on Health Councils, almost 65% did not hear about and/or participated in any training on the Health Council, almost 28 % have already heard and have not participated, approximately 7% have already participated. Approximately 14.5% have participated or participate in a health conference, approximately 85.5% have not. Approximately 68% do not know anyone who attended/attended the health conference, nearly 32% do. As for participation in social movements or institutions that provide opportunities for debate on issues of interest to the community, 53% have never participated in these movements, while 47% have already participated. And when asked about where they take their claims, 33% say they do not raise the claims and 14% take them to the health councils. Regarding the potential of community participation in PHC processes, approximately 50% believe that 37 participation in health councils will bring benefits to the population and that the activities are participation in health councils will bring benefits to the population and that the activities are carried out, 30% believe that the council's activities are carried out only in part and will bring benefits to the same extent and 19% do not know how to answer if the activities are carried out and only 1% believe that the board's activities are not carried out. When asked whether this participation is a way of influencing the decision-making process of health management aiming at improving the individual and collective quality of life, 88% believe so, 9% do not know and only 3% believe that participation does not influence. About the potential of community participation, 6.6% could not answer. Conclusions: When researching on community participation in PHC through the self-perception of community knowledge on the subject and also relating to barriers and identified potentialities, it is concluded that it is necessary for the community to have greater legitimacy to oversee and monitor health services, so that community participation in the management of spaces that foster debate and development of public policies should be seen as an exercise of democracy that generates benefits from the personal to the collective sphere. In addition, we conclude that community participation in PHC processes depends not only on clear and accessible information, but on mechanisms that can address and bring this information to the community and on strategies to promote community participation, which should be understood as promoting the health, since without community participation there is a gap in the way the health network and PHC processes should work. The participation or not of the community is related to variables that range from the public to the personal, lifestyle and moment of life and, therefore, to seek greater community adhesion in PHC processes, it will be necessary to thoroughly study the identified barriers and their relationship with people's lives, and develop strategies, preferably personalized and that dialogue directly with the lives of these people, so that each barrier ceases to exist.
Introduction: Community participation in PHC processes is important for the development and implementation of actions and health services that reflect the needs according to the reality of the country, state, city and neighborhood and for this, the debate, the representation and involvement of society should be seen as one of the most advanced forms of democracy, in which the community can seek to guarantee the right to better health and living conditions. Objective: To identify the perception, level of knowledge and involvement of society in the processes that involve community participation in PHC. Method: This is an online survey, with a quantitative approach of the intersectional survey type. The population consisted of individuals residing in Brazilian territory, over 18 years of age, of both sexes. The recruitment of individuals for research was digital, on social media, through the dissemination and invitation to participate in the study. Participants answered a questionnaire with three stages: The first stage containing information about the research and the IC, the second stage brought questions about sociodemographic, economic and clinical characteristics, such as: age, gender, city, marital status, occupation, education, individual income, family income, comorbidities, health monitoring, use of PHC services. The third stage consists of questions about the participant's perception, knowledge and involvement with community participation in PHC processes, potential and barriers of community participation in Primary Health Care processes. Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program (SPSS), version 19. . Results: 228 people participated in the study. The average age of participants was 35.28 years. The majority were female (80%), single (53%), with higher education or attending (52%), employed (46%), with family income ranging from 1,000.00 to 10,000.00 reais, 66 % live in the capital and live in the state of São Paulo (92%), without associated diseases (62%), among those with diseases associated with the most prevalent morbidity was systemic arterial hypertension (8%). Approximately 92% attend or have attended PHC for actions and services. Approximately 90% of the participants have some knowledge about the possibility of participation of the person/community/leadership in the construction of public policies, management and inspection of health services in the municipality and 95% consider this participation important. As for the knowledge about the ways that people/community/community leadership can monitor the processes of Primary Health Care, approximately 73% have knowledge and 27% are unaware of the social monitoring devices in PHC. About the Health Councils, 54% know at least one instance (local, municipal, state or national), 27% have little knowledge and almost 19% have no knowledge at all. As for participation in Health Councils, approximately 88% do not participate, of those who do participate, 48% are part of the municipal level. Approximately 67% of the participants do not know at least one person who participates in the Health Councils. As for participating in any training on Health Councils, almost 65% did not hear about and/or participated in any training on the Health Council, almost 28 % have already heard and have not participated, approximately 7% have already participated. Approximately 14.5% have participated or participate in a health conference, approximately 85.5% have not. Approximately 68% do not know anyone who attended/attended the health conference, nearly 32% do. As for participation in social movements or institutions that provide opportunities for debate on issues of interest to the community, 53% have never participated in these movements, while 47% have already participated. And when asked about where they take their claims, 33% say they do not raise the claims and 14% take them to the health councils. Regarding the potential of community participation in PHC processes, approximately 50% believe that 37 participation in health councils will bring benefits to the population and that the activities are participation in health councils will bring benefits to the population and that the activities are carried out, 30% believe that the council's activities are carried out only in part and will bring benefits to the same extent and 19% do not know how to answer if the activities are carried out and only 1% believe that the board's activities are not carried out. When asked whether this participation is a way of influencing the decision-making process of health management aiming at improving the individual and collective quality of life, 88% believe so, 9% do not know and only 3% believe that participation does not influence. About the potential of community participation, 6.6% could not answer. Conclusions: When researching on community participation in PHC through the self-perception of community knowledge on the subject and also relating to barriers and identified potentialities, it is concluded that it is necessary for the community to have greater legitimacy to oversee and monitor health services, so that community participation in the management of spaces that foster debate and development of public policies should be seen as an exercise of democracy that generates benefits from the personal to the collective sphere. In addition, we conclude that community participation in PHC processes depends not only on clear and accessible information, but on mechanisms that can address and bring this information to the community and on strategies to promote community participation, which should be understood as promoting the health, since without community participation there is a gap in the way the health network and PHC processes should work. The participation or not of the community is related to variables that range from the public to the personal, lifestyle and moment of life and, therefore, to seek greater community adhesion in PHC processes, it will be necessary to thoroughly study the identified barriers and their relationship with people's lives, and develop strategies, preferably personalized and that dialogue directly with the lives of these people, so that each barrier ceases to exist.