Avaliação do risco de invasão de espécies de peixes não-nativos na Bacia Hidrográfica da Baixada Santista, SP, Brasil
Data
2022-01-25
Autores
Lomeu, Erika Aparecida Costa 
Orientadores
Azevedo, Juliana de Souza
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A introdução de espécies não-nativas com alto potencial de invasão é uma das maiores responsáveis pela perda da diversidade biológica global, sendo que as pisciculturas são as principais responsáveis pela introdução de peixes não-nativos nos ecossistemas aquáticos continentais. Nesse cenário, este trabalho buscou avaliar o risco de invasão de espécies de peixes em cursos naturais da Bacia Hidrográfica (BH) da Baixada Santista, Estado de São Paulo. A partir da avaliação, in situ, de empreendimentos do tipo pesqueiros presentes na BH da Baixada Santista, assim como a partir da compilação dos dados bioecológicos das principais espécies relatadas pelos gestores e mantidas nos tanques de criação, calculou-se o potencial risco de invasão a partir do uso do software Aquatic Species Invasiviness Screening Kit (AS-ISK) versão 2.3, que permite a análise do potencial de invasão de espécies exóticas de peixes dulçaquícolas. Os dados foram analisados a partir de 55 perguntas, agrupadas em 3 categorias: 1) Biogeografia/Histórico; 2) Biologia/Ecologia; e 3) Alterações Climáticas, cada qual dividida em diferentes subtópicos. As espécies foram categorizadas quanto ao seu “grau de risco” de acordo com os escores atribuídos, a saber: <1 = baixo risco; 1-18,9 = risco médio; e >19 = alto risco de invasão. Com os dados obtidos nos pesqueiros, foi possível observar problemas de escape de espécies, relacionados principalmente aos sistemas de drenagem da água dos tanques e dispersão por aves. Além disso, percebeu-se a necessidade do estabelecimento de práticas para o manejo das espécies cultivadas, assim como o monitoramento frequente dos parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos de qualidade da água dos tanques. Os bagres africanos (Clarias gariepinus), as tilápias (Oreochromis Niloticus), as carpas (Cyprinus. carpio) e as traíras (Hoplias malabaricus) apresentaram um alto risco de invasão, com pontuações de 33, 30, 25 e 21, respectivamente. O fato dos peixes tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) e pacu-caranha (Piaractus mesopotamicus) não apresentarem um alto risco de invasão reforça a importância dessas espécies tanto para criação nos sistemas de piscicultura quanto nas atividades de pesque e pague e pesca esportiva, exercida nos empreendimentos do tipo pesqueiro.
The introduction of non-native species with high potential for invasion is one of the main causes for global biodiversity loss, and fish farms are the mainly responsible for introducing non-native fish into continental aquatic ecosystems. In this scenario, this work sought to assess the risk of invasion of fish species in natural areas in the Baixada Santista Watershed, State of São Paulo. Based on the, in situ evaluation of fishing ventures present in Baixada Santista, as well as the compilation of bioecological data on the main species reported by managers and kept in the breeding ponds, the potential risk was calculated using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS-ISK) software version 2.3, which allows the analysis of the invasion potential of exotic freshwater fish species. Data were analyzed from 55 questions, grouped into 3 categories: 1) Biogeography/History; 2) Biology/Ecology; and 3) Climate Change, each divided into different subtopics. Species were categorized according to their “level of risk” according to the scores assigned, namely: <1 = low risk; 1-18.9 = average risk; and >19 = high risk of invasion. With the data obtained in the fisheries, it was possible to observe problems of escape of species, mainly related to water drainage system of the tanks and dispersion by birds. In addition, it was noticed the need to establish practices for the management of cultivated species, as well as the frequent monitoring of the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters of water quality in the ponds. African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus), carp (Cyprinus carpio) and trahira (Hoplias malabaricus) showed a high risk of invasion, with respectively scores, 33, 30, 25 and 21. The fact that tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and pacu-caranha (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fish do not present a high risk of invasion reinforces the importance of these species both for breeding in fish farming systems and in fishing and pay and sport fishing activities carried out in the fishing ventures.
The introduction of non-native species with high potential for invasion is one of the main causes for global biodiversity loss, and fish farms are the mainly responsible for introducing non-native fish into continental aquatic ecosystems. In this scenario, this work sought to assess the risk of invasion of fish species in natural areas in the Baixada Santista Watershed, State of São Paulo. Based on the, in situ evaluation of fishing ventures present in Baixada Santista, as well as the compilation of bioecological data on the main species reported by managers and kept in the breeding ponds, the potential risk was calculated using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS-ISK) software version 2.3, which allows the analysis of the invasion potential of exotic freshwater fish species. Data were analyzed from 55 questions, grouped into 3 categories: 1) Biogeography/History; 2) Biology/Ecology; and 3) Climate Change, each divided into different subtopics. Species were categorized according to their “level of risk” according to the scores assigned, namely: <1 = low risk; 1-18.9 = average risk; and >19 = high risk of invasion. With the data obtained in the fisheries, it was possible to observe problems of escape of species, mainly related to water drainage system of the tanks and dispersion by birds. In addition, it was noticed the need to establish practices for the management of cultivated species, as well as the frequent monitoring of the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters of water quality in the ponds. African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus), carp (Cyprinus carpio) and trahira (Hoplias malabaricus) showed a high risk of invasion, with respectively scores, 33, 30, 25 and 21. The fact that tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and pacu-caranha (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fish do not present a high risk of invasion reinforces the importance of these species both for breeding in fish farming systems and in fishing and pay and sport fishing activities carried out in the fishing ventures.