Sub-micrometre particulate matter is primarily in liquid form over Amazon rainforest

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dc.contributor.authorBateman, Adam P.
dc.contributor.authorGong, Zhaoheng
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Pengfei
dc.contributor.authorSato, Bruno
dc.contributor.authorCirino, Glauber
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Yue
dc.contributor.authorArtaxo, Paulo
dc.contributor.authorBertram, Allan K.
dc.contributor.authorManzi, Antonio O.
dc.contributor.authorRizzo, Luciana V. [UNIFESP]
dc.contributor.authorSouza, Rodrigo A. F.
dc.contributor.authorZaveri, Rahul A.
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Scot T.
dc.date.accessioned2018-07-26T17:30:29Z
dc.date.available2018-07-26T17:30:29Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractAtmospheric particulate matter influences the Earth's energy balance directly, by altering or absorbing solar radiation, and indirectly by influencing cloud formation(1). Whether organic particulate matter exists in a liquid, semi-solid, or solid state can affect particle growth and reactivity(2,3), and hence particle number, size and composition. The properties and abundance of particles, in turn, influence their direct and indirecte effects on energy balance(4). Non-liquid particulate matter was identified over a boreal forest of Northern Europe(5), but laboratory studies suggest that, at higher relative humidity levels, particles can be liquid(6,7). Here we measure the physical state of particulate matter with diameters smaller than 1 mu m over the tropical rainforest of central Amazonia in 2013. A real-time particle rebound technique shows that the particulate matter was liquid for relative humidity greater than 80% for temperatures between 296 and 300 K during both the wet and dry seasons. Combining these findings with the distributions of relative humidity and temperature in Amazonia, we conclude that near-surface sub-micrometre particulate matter in Amazonia is liquid most of the time during both the wet and the dry seasons.en
dc.description.affiliationHarvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
dc.description.affiliationUniv Fed Sao Carlos, BR-13565905 Sao Paulo, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationNatl Inst Amazonian Res, BR-60060000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUniv Sao Paulo, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUniv British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
dc.description.affiliationUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Earth & Exact Sci, BR-09972270 Sao Paulo, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationAmazonas State Univ, BR-69050020 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationPacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA
dc.description.affiliationHarvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
dc.description.affiliationUnifespDepartment of Earth and Exact Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
dc.description.sourceWeb of Science
dc.description.sponsorshipOffice of Biological and Environmental Research
dc.description.sponsorshipAtmospheric System Research (ASR) Program of Office of Biological and Environmental Research
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States Department of Energy (DOE)
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM)
dc.description.sponsorshipCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
dc.format.extent34
dc.identifierhttp://dx.dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2599
dc.identifier.citationNature Geoscience. New York, v. 9, n. 1, p. 34, 2016.
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/NGEO2599
dc.identifier.issn1752-0894
dc.identifier.urihttp://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/46084
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000367200300012
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherNature Publishing Group
dc.relation.ispartofNature Geoscience
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.subjectSecondary Organic Aerosolen
dc.subjectAtmospheric Aerosolsen
dc.subjectRelative-Humidityen
dc.subjectSize Distributionen
dc.subjectAlpha-Pineneen
dc.subjectPhase Stateen
dc.subjectParticlesen
dc.subjectGrowthen
dc.subjectReactivityen
dc.subjectPrecipitationen
dc.titleSub-micrometre particulate matter is primarily in liquid form over Amazon rainforesten
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
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